{"id":4397,"date":"2013-01-08T08:00:30","date_gmt":"2013-01-08T08:00:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/?p=4397"},"modified":"2014-07-17T19:14:46","modified_gmt":"2014-07-17T19:14:46","slug":"in-eight-oclock-of-morning-at-january-8th-on-the-2013","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/in-eight-oclock-of-morning-at-january-8th-on-the-2013\/","title":{"rendered":"“In eight o’clock of morning, at January 8th, on the 2013…”"},"content":{"rendered":"

…this post are scheduled for to be auto-publishing’ed over blog Transparent! \ud83d\ude09<\/p>\n

A Russian learning English might make these exactly these sorts of
\nstereotypical blunders<\/span> with English \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438<\/b> (“prepositions”) — saying “at<\/i> January 8th” instead of “on<\/i> January 8th,” for instance.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

But an English speaker learning Russian faces faces exactly the same problem of sounding like the “comical foreigner” in the punchline of a joke — only, perhaps, it’s worse for the student of Russian, because even if you can remember the correct \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0433<\/b>, certain Russian prepositions can take more than one \u043f\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436<\/b> (“noun case”), thus offering you even more grammar pitfalls.<\/p>\n

So, in this post, let’s take a look at the various prepositions and cases that are used when speaking about times, dates, and years. (Although we won’t say too much about Clock Times — e.g., \u00ab\u041f\u043e\u0435\u0437\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0448\u0451\u043b \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0434\u0432\u0430\u0434\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0446\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/span> \u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0430\u00bb<\/b> — because Yelena already covered those expressions pretty thoroughly \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435<\/span> \u043d\u043e\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044f<\/span><\/a><\/b>, “in late November”.)<\/p>\n

\u0412 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e<\/span>\u043c-\u043d\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0434\u044c \u0432\u0435<\/span>\u043a\u0435, \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443<\/span>, \u043c\u0435<\/span>\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435? (\u0432 + [prep.])<\/h3>\n

To say “in a particular century\/year\/month,” Russian uses \u0432<\/b> followed by the prepositional case of the noun. And when you need to express a given century or year, the noun is preceded by an ordinal<\/i> number. But remember that for large “compound ordinal numbers,” such as (the) 843rd<\/span>, only the final element of the number is actually rendered by an ordinal form; the parts before use the cardinal counting forms. Thus:<\/p>\n

\u0412 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0435<\/span>?<\/b> — In what century?
\n\u0412 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0435\u043c\u043d\u0430<\/span>\u0434\u0446\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0435<\/span>\u043a\u0435.<\/b> — In the 18th century (A.D.).
\n\u0412 \u0434\u0432\u0430<\/span>\u0434\u0446\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043e\u0441\u044c\u043c\u043e<\/span>\u043c \u0432\u0435<\/span>\u043a\u0435 \u0434\u043e \u043d\u0430<\/span>\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u044d<\/span>\u0440\u044b.<\/b> — In the 28th century B.C.<\/p>\n

\u0412 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443?<\/b>
\n\u0412 \u0442\u044b<\/span>\u0441\u044f\u0447\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0432\u044f\u0442\u0441\u043e<\/span>\u0442 \u0432\u043e<\/span>\u0441\u0435\u043c\u044c\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u0432\u0451\u0440\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443<\/span>.<\/b> — In the one-thousand, nine-hundred, eighty (and) fourth year.
\n\u0412 \u0431\u0443<\/span>\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043c \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443<\/span>.<\/b> — In a future year.<\/p>\n

\u0412 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e<\/span>\u043c \u043c\u0435<\/span>\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435?<\/b> — In what month?
\n\u0412 \u043c\u0430<\/span>\u0440\u0442\u0435.<\/b> — In March.
\n\u0412 \u043f\u0440\u043e<\/span>\u0448\u043b\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0435<\/span>\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435.<\/b> — Last month (i.e., before the current one)
\n\u0412 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0435<\/span>\u0434\u0448\u0435\u043c \u043c\u0435<\/span>\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435.<\/b> — In the previous month (i.e., prior to some month in the past).<\/p>\n

\u041d\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e<\/span>\u0439-\u043d\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0434\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0435<\/span>\u043b\u0435 (\u043d\u0430 + [prep.])<\/h3>\n

But to ask “in such-and-such a week?”, we use the preposition \u043d\u0430<\/b> instead, though it also takes the prepositional case. Since weeks don’t have numbers or special names in Russian (or English), you’re most likely to use this construction with words expressing “this week” or “last week,” etc., or with descriptive adjectives:<\/p>\n

\u041d\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e<\/span>\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0435<\/span>\u043b\u0435?<\/b> — In what week?
\n\u041d\u0430 \u044d<\/span>\u0442\u043e\u0439\/\u043f\u0440\u043e<\/span>\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0439\/\u0441\u043b\u0435<\/span>\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0435<\/span>\u043b\u0435.<\/b> — This\/last\/next week.
\n\u041d\u0430 \u0441\u0430<\/span>\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0435<\/span>\u043b\u0435, \u043a\u0430\u043a…<\/b> — In the very same week as…
\n\u041d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430<\/span>\u0437\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0435<\/span>\u043b\u0435<\/b> — During the holiday week.<\/p>\n

\u0412 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e<\/span>\u0439-\u043d. \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c, \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e<\/span>\u0439-\u043d. \u0447\u0430\u0441, \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0443<\/span>\u044e-\u043d. \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0443\/\u0441\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0443 (\u0432 + [acc.])<\/h3>\n

But for some reason, segments of time shorter than a week use \u0432<\/b> followed by the noun in the accusative, not the prepositional:<\/p>\n

\u0412 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e<\/span>\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c?<\/b> — On what day?
\n
\n\u0412 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0443<\/span><\/b>. — On Wednesday.
\n\u0412 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u043a\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435<\/span>\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0435<\/span>\u043d\u044c.<\/b> — On an ordinary day.<\/p>\n

\u0412 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435<\/span>\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0447\u0430<\/span>\u0441.<\/b> — In the final hour.
\n\u0412 \u0442\u0443<\/span> \u0436\u0435<\/b><\/span> \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443<\/span>\u0442\u0443… — At that very minute…
\n\u0412 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0443<\/span>\u044e \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0443<\/span>\u043d\u0434\u0443, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430<\/span>…<\/b> — In the fateful second, when…<\/p>\n

Again, however, see Yelena’s earlier post for a discussion of the numeric constructions that express precise hours and minutes by the clock.<\/p>\n

\u041a\u0430\u043a\u043e<\/span>\u0433\u043e-\u043d. \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430<\/span> \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0430 (On the [N]th date of a month)<\/i><\/h3>\n

Although “on a given day” is usually \u0432 (\u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439-\u043d\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0434\u044c) \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c<\/b>, there’s a significant exception: When numbering dates within a particular month. In that case, the date uses an ordinal number in the genitive singular neuter (logically agreeing with \u00ab\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e<\/span>\u00bb<\/b>, which is usually omitted), optionally followed by the name of the month in the genitive. And if you feel like specifying the year, then that also goes into the (ordinal) genitive — even though months and years would be \u0432<\/b> + prepositional when the specific date isn’t given.<\/p>\n

\u041e\u043d\u0430<\/span> \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438<\/span>\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u0442\u044b<\/span>\u0441\u044f\u0447\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u044cc\u043e<\/span>\u0442 \u0441\u043e<\/span>\u0440\u043e\u043a \u043f\u044f<\/span>\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443<\/span>.<\/b>
\nShe was born in 1745.<\/p>\n

BUT<\/p>\n

\u041e\u043d\u0430<\/span> \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438<\/span>\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0434\u0432\u0430<\/span>\u0434\u0446\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e<\/span>\u0433\u043e (\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044f<\/span>) (\u0442\u044b<\/span>\u0441\u044f\u0447\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u044cc\u043e<\/span>\u0442 \u0441\u043e<\/span>\u0440\u043e\u043a \u043f\u044f<\/span>\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u043e<\/span>\u0434\u0430).<\/b>
\nShe was born on the 26th (of September) (1745).<\/p>\n

On the other hand, if you simply want to name a date without saying that something happened ON a date, the number of the day goes into the nominative neuter — but anything after that, such as the month and year, is again in the genitive:<\/p>\n

\u041e\u043d\u0430<\/span> \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438<\/span>\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0430<\/span>\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0435<\/span>\u043d\u044c \u043e<\/span>\u0441\u0435\u043d\u044c\u044e<\/span>. \u0411\u044b<\/span>\u043b\u043e \u0434\u0432\u0430<\/span>\u0434\u0446\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e<\/span>\u0435 (\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044f<\/span>, 1745-\u0433\u043e<\/span> \u0433\u043e<\/span>\u0434\u0430).<\/b>
\nShe was born on a beautiful day in autumn. It was the 26th (of September, 1745).<\/p>\n

And finally, if you’ve awoken in a stranger’s apartment in an unfamiliar city with a major \u043f\u043e\u0445\u043c\u0435<\/span>\u043b\u044c\u0435<\/span><\/b> (“hangover”), owing to some hilarious miscalculation of vodka-dosage at the \u0431\u0430\u043d\u044f<\/b> (“public steam-bath”), and you can’t remember what day it is, you can ask, \u041a\u0430\u043a\u043e<\/span>\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e<\/span>\u0434\u043d\u044f \u0434\u0435<\/span>\u043d\u044c?<\/b> — “What day is today?”<\/p>\n

But the question is potentially ambiguous, and the answer might be either \u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e<\/span>\u0434\u043d\u044f \u0432\u0442\u043e<\/span>\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043a<\/b> (“Today is Tuesday”) or \u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e<\/span>\u0434\u043d\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0441\u044c\u043c\u043e<\/span>\u0435 \u044f\u043d\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044f<\/span><\/b> (“Today is January 8th”). So if you specifically need the date of the month (not the day of the week), you can ask, \u041a\u0430\u043a\u043e<\/span>\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e<\/span>\u0434\u043d\u044f \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e<\/span>?<\/b><\/p>\n

P.S. Let’s not forget that in Casablanca<\/i>, everyone understands what the Leuchtags mean when they say things like “Which watch? Such much!” So as my first piece of advice \u043d\u0430 \u041d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0434<\/b>: Do try to remember which prepositions go with which cases in which contexts, but never sweat so much over the grammar that you’re afraid to speak Russian at all! I screw up constantly with Russian — especially in speech — but 95% of the time, native speakers have no difficulty comprehending what I mean to say. So, while you should make every effort to be correct, never feel shy or embarrassed about “sounding like Tarzan.”<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\"\"

…this post are scheduled for to be auto-publishing’ed over blog Transparent! \ud83d\ude09 A Russian learning English might make these exactly these sorts of stereotypical blunders with English \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438 (“prepositions”) — saying “at January 8th” instead of “on January 8th,” for instance.   But an English speaker learning Russian faces faces exactly the same problem of…<\/p>\n

Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":94,"featured_media":4400,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[8,7828],"tags":[257555,257554,117516,385640,257553],"class_list":["post-4397","post","type-post","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-language","category-russian-for-beginners","tag-dates-and-times","tag-numeric-expressions","tag-russian-calendar","tag-russian-for-beginners","tag-telling-dates"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4397","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/94"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4397"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4397\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6550,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4397\/revisions\/6550"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4400"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4397"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4397"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4397"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}