{"id":756,"date":"2010-05-02T06:00:35","date_gmt":"2010-05-02T06:00:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/?p=756"},"modified":"2010-05-02T08:13:27","modified_gmt":"2010-05-02T08:13:27","slug":"russian-grammar-in-russian","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/russian-grammar-in-russian\/","title":{"rendered":"Russian Grammar \u2013 \u00ab\u043f\u043e-\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438!\u00bb [in Russian!]"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

You don\u2019t have to know a single word in Russian \u2013 or know the first thing about Russian grammar for that matter \u2013 to find this picture rather scary\u2026 I found it on an old circus wagon that had been left to its own fate in a far corner of a public park here in Yekaterinburg. I understand that what they wanted to portray was an old and kind \u00ab<\/strong><\/em>\u0434\u0435<\/span>\u0434\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0430<\/em><\/strong>\u00bb<\/em><\/strong> [grandfather] telling a fairy tale to his \u00ab<\/strong><\/em>\u0432\u043d\u0443<\/span>\u0447\u043a\u0430<\/em><\/strong>\u00bb<\/em><\/strong> [fem. dim. grandchild].But I can\u2019t help thinking it looks like he\u2019s about to slap her with that thing in his hand\u2026 And the look of his face makes me not trust him!<\/em><\/p>\n

Among what I love the most in life I can count at least \u00ab<\/strong>\u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b<\/span>\u0440\u0435<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438<\/span>\u0435<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430<\/span>\u0441\u0442\u0438<\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong> [four big passions]: \u00ab<\/strong>\u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438<\/span>\u044f<\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong> [Russia], \u00ab<\/strong>\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443<\/span>\u0440\u0430<\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong> [literature], \u00ab<\/strong>\u043e<\/span><\/strong>\u0431\u0443\u0432\u044c<\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong> [shoes] and \u00ab<\/strong>\u043f\u0438\u0440\u043e<\/span>\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435<\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong> [pastries]. Here on the blog I can relish freely and at length in these two first passions. I don\u2019t get to speak that much on the two other passions of mine here \u2013 and that\u2019s probably a good thing (for you, because if I start talking shoes or pastry then there\u2019s no knowing when or even IF I\u2019ll stop)<\/em>. But I have also another passion \u2013 or maybe the proper word would be simply \u00ab<\/strong>\u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e<\/span>\u0432\u044c<\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong> [fem.<\/em> love] here \u2013 in my life: \u00ab<\/strong>\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430<\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong> [grammar]. When I was in school I loved grammar more than anything else and always got a big bright A on all the tests and exams in the subject. During my last years of \u00ab<\/strong>\u0448\u0432\u0435<\/span>\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439<\/strong> <\/strong>\u044f\u0437\u044b<\/span>\u043a<\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong> [Swedish language] in school I was so good at grammar that I didn\u2019t have to take tests or exams anymore \u2013 my teacher \u2018took my word for it\u2019<\/em>, as he expressed himself. But because I was a very \u00ab<\/strong>\u0448\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0438<\/span>\u0432\u0430\u044f<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0448\u043a\u043e<\/span>\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430<\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong> [playful, naughty, mischievous school girl] I would turn up on the tests anyway just to show off. And yes, I had straight A\u2019s in everything except for \u00ab<\/strong>\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435<\/span>\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong> [behavior]\u2026 That\u2019s why it is no surprise that I late in life would come to find a home in the complex structure that constitutes \u00ab<\/strong>\u0440\u0443<\/span>\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430<\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong> [Russian grammar]! Some people are afraid of grammar. Don\u2019t be. If you are afraid of it, then it will become afraid of you and that\u2019s not a positive situation at all. Russian grammar is interesting in many ways, but one of the most interesting things about it is that all the \u00ab<\/strong>\u0447\u0430<\/span>\u0441\u0442\u0438<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0440\u0435<\/span>\u0447\u0438<\/strong><\/a>\u00bb <\/strong>[parts of speech<\/a>] have their own RUSSIAN names! Most languages use Latin grammatical terms and this makes it very easy to learn a new language because it is all old and familiar stuff to the eye. But that\u2019s not the case with Russian. And this can be difficult. Though it shouldn\u2019t be! It should be fun! That\u2019s why I have decided to dedicate this post today to translating these Russian terms, both into Latin terms as well as putting them in a \u2018Russian\u2019<\/em> context. I hope you enjoy it!<\/p>\n

\u00ab<\/strong>\u0421\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435<\/a><\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong> – (pl.)<\/em> noun<\/a>:<\/p>\n

Is made from the noun \u00ab<\/strong>\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e<\/span><\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong> [essence; thing; entity, being; existence] and the verb \u00ab<\/strong>\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong> [be, exist, live; prevail; obtain]. That\u2019s why it is correct to state: \u00ab<\/strong>\u0421\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435<\/strong> \u2013 <\/strong>\u044d<\/span><\/strong>\u0442\u043e<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0442\u043e<\/strong>, <\/strong>\u0447\u0442\u043e<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443<\/span>\u0435\u0442<\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong> [Substantive is that which exists; is].<\/p>\n

\u00ab<\/strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435<\/a><\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong> – (pl.)<\/em> adjective<\/a>s:<\/p>\n

This grammatical category takes it name from the imperfect verb \u00ab<\/strong>\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong> [apply; enclose; append, annex]. Its imperfect \u2018friend\u2019<\/em> is \u00ab\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong> and that\u2019s why it is hardly difficult to see that the word \u00ab<\/strong>\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435<\/span>\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong>\u00bb <\/strong>[application; enclosure; enlargement; supplement, appendage; appendix, adjunct; addendum; apposition] is made from just this verb. And about this category we say: \u00ab<\/strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435<\/strong> \u2013 <\/strong>\u044d<\/span><\/strong>\u0442\u043e<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0442\u043e<\/strong>, <\/strong>\u0447\u0442\u043e<\/strong> <\/strong>\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430<\/span>\u0435\u043c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u043a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443<\/strong>\u00bb <\/strong>[Adjective is what we apply to the substantive].<\/p>\n

\u00ab<\/strong>\u041d\u0430\u0440\u0435<\/span>\u0447\u0438\u0435<\/a><\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong> – adverb<\/a>:<\/p>\n

Though it might not be so easy in this case to see from what exact \u2018word\u2019<\/em> or \u2018verb\u2019<\/em> this category is made, let\u2019s try this: the first part of it is the preposition \u00ab<\/strong>\u043d\u0430<\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong> [here:<\/em> on, in; to] and the second is made from the noun \u00ab<\/strong>\u0440\u0435\u0447\u044c<\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong> [speech; accent, language; discourse; oration]. \u00ab<\/strong>\u041d\u0430\u0440\u0435<\/span>\u0447\u0438\u0435<\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong> [adverb] means literally what is \u2018on speech\u2019<\/em> or \u2018in language\u2019<\/em>. We could also sum this up in one sentence, but then we\u2019d have to change the preposition from \u00ab<\/strong>\u043d\u0430<\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong> to \u00ab<\/strong>\u0432<\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong> \u00ab<\/strong>\u041d\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0435<\/strong> \u2013 <\/strong>\u044d\u0442\u043e<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0442\u043e<\/strong>, <\/strong>\u0447\u0442\u043e<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0432<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438<\/strong>\u00bb <\/strong>[Adverb is what is in language]. But that doesn\u2019t make much sense, now does it? Anyway, in Russian an adverb can often be used without any other words, you can say just: \u00ab<\/strong>\u0425\u043e<\/span>\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e<\/strong>!\u00bb<\/strong> and that would be alright and you don\u2019t need a verb nor a substantive like in the English translation of this phrase: \u201cIt is cold!\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00ab<\/strong>\u041c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043c\u0435<\/span>\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/a><\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong> – (pl.)<\/em> pronoun<\/a>s:<\/p>\n

This one is an almost obvious one! If we translate this term into modern day Russian it ends up looking like this: \u00ab<\/strong>\u0432\u043c\u0435<\/span>\u0441\u0442\u043e<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0438<\/span><\/strong>\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438<\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong> [lit.<\/em> instead of name]. The first part of it comes from the adverb \u00ab<\/strong>\u0432\u043c\u0435<\/span>\u0441\u0442\u043e<\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong> [instead, in place of, vice] and the second one from the genitive \u00ab<\/strong>\u0438<\/span><\/strong>\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438<\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong> of the noun \u00ab<\/strong>\u0438<\/span><\/strong>\u043c\u044f<\/strong>\u00bb <\/strong>[name]. Thus we conclude: \u00ab<\/strong>\u041c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043c\u0435<\/span>\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/strong> \u2013 <\/strong>\u044d<\/span><\/strong>\u0442\u043e<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0442\u043e<\/strong>, <\/strong>\u0447\u0442\u043e<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e<\/span>\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u0441\u044f<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0432\u043c\u0435<\/span>\u0441\u0442\u043e<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0438<\/span><\/strong>\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438<\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong> [Pronoun is what we use instead of a name].<\/p>\n

\u00ab<\/strong>\u0427\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435<\/a><\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong> – (pl.)<\/em> numbers<\/a>:<\/p>\n

Also this category is made from a verb: the imperfect \u00ab<\/strong>\u0447\u0438<\/span>\u0441\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong> [count, enumerate] and the noun \u00ab<\/strong>\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e<\/span><\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong> [number, mathematical value or its symbol; date, day month and year according to the calendar; tally, reckoning]. I don\u2019t think any more explanation is needed; this is a pretty easy term to understand. \u00ab<\/strong>\u0427\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435<\/strong> <\/strong>\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430<\/span>\u0435\u0442<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e<\/span><\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong> [Numbers define numbers]. Even in English it sounds easy!<\/p>\n

\u00ab<\/strong>\u0413\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e<\/span>\u043b<\/a>\u044b<\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong> – (pl.)<\/em> verb<\/a>s:<\/p>\n

Once upon a time in Russian language there was another verb from \u2018to speak\u2019<\/em> than the one we use today: impfv.<\/em> \u00ab<\/strong>\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong> and pfv.<\/em> \u00ab<\/strong>\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong>. This verb (I might be mistaken in my spelling of it, but I\u2019m sure it existed \u2013 I study Old Church Slavonic once upon a time!) <\/em>was \u00ab<\/strong>\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e<\/span>\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong>. That\u2019s why \u00ab<\/strong>\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e<\/span>\u043b<\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong> [verb] is what <\/em>\u2018speaks\u2019<\/em> the most about a sentence. And I think we\u2019d all agree that sentences without verbs are very boring and don\u2019t have as much information as sentences with verbs, right?<\/p>\n

\u00ab<\/strong>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e<\/span>\u0433<\/a>\u0438<\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong> – (pl.)<\/em> prepositions<\/a>:<\/p>\n

This term shouldn\u2019t cause any trouble for anyone with a language where this grammatical category is also known by the noun \u00ab<\/strong>\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e<\/span>\u0433<\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong> which means: pretext, excuse; alibi; cloak, disguise; preposition, part of speech that serves to express the relationship between two words (the last part of this translation is what concerns its function in grammar).<\/em> Note the difference of usage of one and the same word in the following two sentences:<\/p>\n

\u00ab<\/strong>\u041d\u0443<\/span>\u0436\u043d\u043e<\/strong> <\/strong>\u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0438<\/span><\/strong> <\/strong>\u043f\u0440\u0430<\/span>\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439<\/strong> <\/strong>\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e<\/span>\u0433<\/strong>, <\/strong>\u0447\u0442\u043e<\/span>\u0431\u044b<\/strong> <\/strong>\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u044c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0435\u0451<\/span><\/strong> <\/strong>\u0441\u044e\u0434\u0430<\/span><\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong> [It is necessary to find the correct pretext to invite her here].<\/p>\n

\u00ab<\/strong>\u041d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e<\/strong> <\/strong>\u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0438<\/span><\/strong> <\/strong>\u043f\u0440\u0430<\/span>\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439<\/strong> <\/strong>\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e<\/span>\u0433<\/strong>, <\/strong>\u0447\u0442\u043e<\/span>\u0431\u044b<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0440\u0443<\/span>\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435<\/strong> <\/strong>\u043f\u043e<\/span>\u043d\u044f\u043b\u0438<\/strong>, <\/strong>\u0447\u0442\u043e<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0442\u044b<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0438\u043c\u0435<\/span>\u0435\u0448\u044c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0432<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0443<\/span><\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong> [It is necessary to find the correct preposition so that Russians will understand what you mean].<\/p>\n

\u00ab<\/strong>\u0421\u043e\u044e\u0437\u044b<\/a><\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong> – (pl.)<\/em> conjunctions<\/a>:<\/p>\n

Here we have another noun with plenty of different meanings: \u00ab<\/strong>\u0441\u043e\u044e<\/span>\u0437<\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong> [coalition, union; confederation, alliance, league] means \u2018union\u2019<\/em> in the very famous word \u00ab<\/strong>\u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435<\/span>\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0441\u043e\u044e<\/span>\u0437<\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong> [Soviet Union]. But \u00ab<\/strong>\u0441\u043e\u044e<\/span>\u0437<\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong> can also be used in other unions such as \u00ab<\/strong>\u0431\u0440\u0430<\/span>\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0441\u043e\u044e<\/span>\u0437<\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong> [marital union] and \u00ab<\/strong>\u0434\u0440\u0443<\/span>\u0436\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0441\u043e\u044e<\/span>\u0437<\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong> [friendly union] or \u00ab<\/strong>\u0434\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e<\/span>\u0439<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0441\u043e\u044e<\/span>\u0437<\/strong>\u00bb <\/strong>[business union]. But here we have the grammatical meaning of \u00ab<\/strong>\u0441\u043e\u044e<\/span>\u0437<\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong> which is \u2018conjunction\u2019<\/em> or a \u2018connecting word\u2019<\/em>. How about this for an explanation: \u00ab<\/strong>\u0421\u043e\u044e<\/span>\u0437<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f<\/span>\u0435\u0442<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0441\u043e\u044e<\/span>\u0437<\/strong> <\/strong>\u043c\u0435<\/span>\u0436\u0434\u0443<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430<\/span>\u043c\u0438<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0432<\/strong> <\/strong>\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435<\/span>\u043d\u0438\u0438<\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong> [The conjunction makes up a union between the words in a sentence].<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\"\"

You don\u2019t have to know a single word in Russian \u2013 or know the first thing about Russian grammar for that matter \u2013 to find this picture rather scary\u2026 I found it on an old circus wagon that had been left to its own fate in a far corner of a public park here in…<\/p>\n

Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":28,"featured_media":757,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[3,8,7828],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-756","post","type-post","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-culture","category-language","category-russian-for-beginners"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/756","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/28"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=756"}],"version-history":[{"count":20,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/756\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":778,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/756\/revisions\/778"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/757"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=756"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=756"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=756"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}