{"id":9033,"date":"2016-05-02T07:46:51","date_gmt":"2016-05-02T07:46:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/?p=9033"},"modified":"2016-05-02T03:46:17","modified_gmt":"2016-05-02T03:46:17","slug":"one-after-another-past-temporal-clauses-in-russian","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/one-after-another-past-temporal-clauses-in-russian\/","title":{"rendered":"One After Another: Past Temporal Clauses in Russian"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"attachment_9061\" style=\"width: 1210px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone post-item__attachment\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9061\" class=\"wp-image-9061\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2016\/05\/clock-1024x762.jpg\" alt=\"vintage alarm clock\" width=\"1200\" height=\"892\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2016\/05\/clock-1024x762.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2016\/05\/clock-350x260.jpg 350w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2016\/05\/clock-768x571.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2016\/05\/clock.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-9061\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Image from Pexels<\/p><\/div>\n<p>In this post, we will look at the ways you can introduce temporal clauses in Russian. We will concentrate on past verb forms. Translations are used to illustrate the meaning of the Russian phrases and may not reflect your local dialect of English.<\/p>\n<h2>Previous Events<\/h2>\n<div id=\"attachment_9050\" style=\"width: 610px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone post-item__attachment\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9050\" class=\"wp-image-9050\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2016\/04\/1.png\" alt=\"one action before another\" width=\"600\" height=\"503\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2016\/04\/1.png 940w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2016\/04\/1-350x293.png 350w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2016\/04\/1-768x644.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-9050\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Image made with Canva<\/p><\/div>\n<p>If we want to describe one action that happened before another, we can use the conjunctions\u00a0<em>\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0442\u0435\u043c \u043a\u0430\u043a\u00a0<\/em>and\u00a0<em>\u0434\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0301 \u043a\u0430\u043a<\/em>,\u00a0both loosely translated as &#8220;before.&#8221; In terms of punctuation, a comma usually comes before the whole conjunction, although it may come before\u00a0<em>\u043a\u0430\u043a<\/em>. More details on punctuation are available <a href=\"http:\/\/new.gramota.ru\/spravka\/punctum\/punctum-attach3\">here<\/a>. <em>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0442\u0435\u043c \u043a\u0430\u043a<\/em> is also often used to refer to an action by the same subject that happens before another action.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u041f\u0435\u0301\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0442\u0435\u043c \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u043e\u0301\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0301\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0301\u043b\u0438 \u043a \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0301\u0442\u0435, \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0301\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043a (Before new the employees started work, they were greeted by their boss).<\/li>\n<li>\u0414\u043e\u043c, \u0434\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0301 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0301\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438, \u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0301\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043c\u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0440\u0430\u0301\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0301\u0440\u043d\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0447\u0430\u0301\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0301\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u044c\u0438\u0301 (Before the house was sold, it seemed to me the dark cause of all the tribulations that befell our family). [\u041c\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u041f\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0439. \u041f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 (1987)]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Note that nouns are preceded by\u00a0<em>\u0434\u043e<\/em><em>\u00a0(<\/em>before, up until)\u00a0or <em>\u043f\u0435\u0301\u0440\u0435\u0434<\/em>\u00a0(before, ahead of). No comma is necessary after the temporal clause.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0414\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0301\u0437\u0434\u0430 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0301\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0434\u043e\u0301\u043b\u0433\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043b\u0435\u0301\u043d\u0438\u044f (Before the scholar&#8217;s arrival, the students worked on their presentations for a long time).<\/li>\n<li>\u0421\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0441\u043c\u0435\u0301\u043d\u044b \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0301\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043f\u0435\u0301\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043c\u0430\u0301\u0442\u0447\u0435\u043c (The athletes trained a lot before the match).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Concurrent\u00a0Events<\/h2>\n<div id=\"attachment_9049\" style=\"width: 610px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone post-item__attachment\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9049\" class=\"wp-image-9049\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2016\/04\/4.png\" alt=\"one action with another\" width=\"600\" height=\"503\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2016\/04\/4.png 940w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2016\/04\/4-350x293.png 350w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2016\/04\/4-768x644.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-9049\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Image made with Canva<\/p><\/div>\n<p>If one thing was happening while another was also happening, we can use\u00a0<em>\u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u00a0<\/em>(while) or\u00a0<em>\u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e<\/em> <em>\u043a\u0430\u043a<\/em> (during) to introduce the temporal clause. Both sentences will use an imperfective verb.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u041f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0301 \u043c\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0301\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438, \u0434\u0435\u0301\u0442\u0438 \u0436\u0434\u0430\u0301\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0301\u043d\u0435 (While we were talking, we children were waiting in the car).<\/li>\n<li>\u0412\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u0301\u043c\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0301 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0445\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0301\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0301\u0442\u0430\u043b \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0439, \u043a \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443\u0301 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0301\u043b\u043e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0301\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 (While the painter was working on his painting, many visitors came to see him).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Note that if you need to express &#8220;during + noun,&#8221; use\u00a0<em>\u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f +\u00a0<\/em>genitive case: \u0412\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u0301\u043c\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0301\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0432\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0301\u043b \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0301\u043d (The phone was constantly ringing during the meeting).<\/p>\n<p>What if one instantaneous action occurred in the middle of another sustained action? In that case, you will use an imperfective verb in the dependent clause following\u00a0<em>\u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0301\/\u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u0301\u043c\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0301 \u043a\u0430\u043a<\/em> and a perfective verb in the main clause:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u041f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0301 \u043c\u044b \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0301\u043b\u0438 \u0435\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0301\u0440\u0432\u0443\u044e \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0443, \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0301\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0301\u044e \u00a0(While we were reading her first book, she had another published).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>One Action Until Something Happens<\/h2>\n<div id=\"attachment_9047\" style=\"width: 610px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone post-item__attachment\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9047\" class=\"wp-image-9047\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2016\/04\/2.png\" alt=\"one until another\" width=\"600\" height=\"503\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2016\/04\/2.png 940w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2016\/04\/2-350x293.png 350w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2016\/04\/2-768x644.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-9047\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Image made with Canva<\/p><\/div>\n<p>You will remember from the point above that\u00a0<em>while<\/em>-clauses in Russian can be introduced by\u00a0<em>\u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430.\u00a0<\/em>The way Russian expresses\u00a0<em>until<\/em>-clauses is, literally speaking, &#8220;while not&#8221; (<em>\u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0301 \u043d\u0435<\/em>). \u00a0Note that <em>\u043d\u0435\u00a0<\/em>does not have to follow immediately after\u00a0<em>\u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0301.\u00a0<\/em>The dependent clause will have a perfective verb.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u041c\u0443\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0301\u043b\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0301 \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u0448\u043b\u0438\u0301 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0301\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 (The musicians kept playing until the last visitors left).<\/li>\n<li>\u042f \u043b\u044e\u0431\u0438\u0301\u043b\u0430 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0301\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0440, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0301 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0301 \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0438\u0301\u043b\u0430 \u0431\u0440\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0301\u0447\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0301\u043a\u0430 (I used to love animals until I was bitten by a stray dog).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Subsequent Events<\/h2>\n<div style=\"width: 610px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-9048\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2016\/04\/3.png\" alt=\"one action after another\" width=\"600\" height=\"503\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2016\/04\/3.png 940w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2016\/04\/3-350x293.png 350w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2016\/04\/3-768x644.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Image made with Canva<\/p><\/div>\n<p>This scenario is similar to the\u00a0<em>before-<\/em>clause. The &#8220;change-inducing&#8221; or preceding action of the dependent clause is usually expressed by a perfective verb (you could come up with an imperfective example). The verb in the main clause may be perfective or imperfective depending on whether a repeated or one-time action is meant.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u041f\u043e\u0301\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0301 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0301\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0301\u043b \u0420\u0438\u043c, \u043e\u043d \u0447\u0430\u0301\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043b \u043e\u0431 \u0418\u0442\u0430\u0301\u043b\u0438\u0438 (After visiting Rome, the author often wrote about Italy).<\/li>\n<li>\u041f\u043e\u0301\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0301 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0301\u0446\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c, \u0435\u0435 \u0430\u043b\u044c\u0431\u043e\u0301\u043c\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0448\u043b\u0438\u0301\u0441\u044c \u043e\u0433\u0440\u043e\u0301\u043c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0442\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0436\u043e\u0301\u043c (After the singer became famous, her albums sold a lot of copies).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430-clauses<\/h2>\n<p>One final note concerns the conjunction\u00a0<em>\u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430\u0301\u00a0<\/em>(when). The sense of the sentence is largely defined by the verb aspect (perfective\/imperfective). &#8220;\u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 + imperfective, perfective&#8221; refers to one action that occurs in the middle of another or interrupts it:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430\u0301 \u044f \u0436\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0301 \u0432 \u0410\u0301\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0438, \u044f \u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0301\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0441 \u0424\u0440\u0435\u0301\u0439\u0434\u043e\u043c (While I was living in Austria, I met Freud).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&#8220;\u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 + imperfective, imperfective&#8221; refers to two concurrent actions, similar to\u00a0\u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430, or repeated actions:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430\u0301 \u043c\u044b \u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0301\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0441\u043f\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u043c\u0430\u0301\u043c\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0301\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043c \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0301\u0437\u043a\u0438 (When we would go to bed, our mother would tell us fairy tales).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&#8220;\u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 + perfective, perfective&#8221; refers to two consecutive actions, just like <em>\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043a<\/em>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430\u0301 \u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u0301\u043d\u0447\u0438\u043b \u0448\u043a\u043e\u0301\u043b\u0443, \u043e\u043d \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0301\u043b \u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0301\u0442 (After graduating [from] [high] school, my brother went to university).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>What aspects of temporal clauses do you find logical\/confusing\/fascinating? What other scenarios would you like to have covered here? Obviously, this post only touches upon certain structures and omits others, and there is much more to be added!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<img width=\"350\" height=\"260\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2016\/05\/clock-350x260.jpg\" class=\"attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"vintage alarm clock\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2016\/05\/clock-350x260.jpg 350w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2016\/05\/clock-768x571.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2016\/05\/clock-1024x762.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2016\/05\/clock.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/><p>In this post, we will look at the ways you can introduce temporal clauses in Russian. We will concentrate on past verb forms. Translations are used to illustrate the meaning of the Russian phrases and may not reflect your local dialect of English. Previous Events If we want to describe one action that happened before&hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"post-item__readmore\"><a class=\"btn btn--md\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/one-after-another-past-temporal-clauses-in-russian\/\">Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":113,"featured_media":9061,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[385710,507314,1223,166],"class_list":["post-9033","post","type-post","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-language","tag-dependent-clauses","tag-grammar","tag-russian-conjunctions","tag-verbs"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9033","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/113"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9033"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9033\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9063,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9033\/revisions\/9063"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9061"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9033"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9033"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9033"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}