{"id":9431,"date":"2016-09-21T07:24:16","date_gmt":"2016-09-21T07:24:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/?p=9431"},"modified":"2018-08-14T19:53:01","modified_gmt":"2018-08-14T19:53:01","slug":"tricky-russian-typography-part-i","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/tricky-russian-typography-part-i\/","title":{"rendered":"Tricky Russian Typography \u2013 Part I"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>We have talked about <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/digital-russian-how-to-view-and-input-russian-text\/\">keyboarding in Russian<\/a> and some <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/comma-abuse-in-russian\/\">peculiarities of Russian punctuation<\/a> on this blog. Let us expand on these subjects with an overview of characters that may not be easy to enter on a keyboard.<\/p>\n<p>Generally speaking, until very recently Russian literacy dwelled primarily in the handwritten domain. That is, of course, books were around and typesetters knew their professional standards. However, a lot of communication, be it letters, school notes, teachers&#8217; notes on the board, or fiction manuscripts tended to be handwritten. Whatever documents had to be entered on a typewriter were usually outsourced to <a href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%88%D1%83%D1%89%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0#.D0.9F.D1.80.D0.B8.D0.BC.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.B5\">specially-trained typists<\/a> (\u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u2014 this was typically a women&#8217;s occupations) and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Typewriter#Typewriter_conventions\">used simplified punctuation<\/a>. Since the 1990s, computers have started appearing in Russian households, but writing was still largely taught as penmanship, with interesting consequences for typing.<\/p>\n<h2>Direct Speech<\/h2>\n<p>Direct speech (\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0447\u044c) is one of <a href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%8C#.D0.9F.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.B2.D0.B8.D0.BB.D0.B0_.D0.BE.D1.84.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.BC.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B8.D1.8F_.D0.BF.D1.80.D1.8F.D0.BC.D0.BE.D0.B9_.D1.80.D0.B5.D1.87.D0.B8_.D0.B2_.D1.80.D1.83.D1.81.D1.81.D0.BA.D0.BE.D0.BC_.D1.8F.D0.B7.D1.8B.D0.BA.D0.B5\">the more complex constructions<\/a> in Russian. Note the patterns in the following examples:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>&#8220;\u042f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043b<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0430<\/span> \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u044e<\/span> \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c&#8221;, \u2015 \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0430<\/span>\u043b\u0430 \u0431<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0430<\/span>\u0431\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0430 \u043f<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0435<\/span>\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0441\u043c<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0435<\/span>\u0440\u0442\u044c\u044e. (&#8220;I have lived someone else&#8217;s life,&#8221; Grandma said before she died.) [\u041c\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u041f\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0439. \u041f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 (1987)]<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;\u0421\u044b\u043d, \u2015 \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0430<\/span>\u043b \u043e\u043d, \u2015 \u044f \u0431\u044b \u0445\u043e\u0442<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0435<\/span>\u043b \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0442\u044b \u0441\u0430\u043c \u043e \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u0434<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0443<\/span>\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0448\u044c?&#8221; (&#8220;Son,&#8221; he said, &#8220;I&#8217;d like to know what you think about yourself.&#8221;[\u0418. \u0413\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430. \u0424\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d (1984)]<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;\u041c<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0430<\/span>\u043c\u0430, \u0441 \u0442\u0451\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u041c\u0430\u0440<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0438<\/span> \u0447\u0442\u043e-\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0438<\/span>\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c, \u043e\u043d<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0430<\/span> \u043d\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0438<\/span>\u0442, \u2015 \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0430<\/span>\u043b\u0430 \u041a<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u044f. \u2015 \u042f \u0432\u043e\u0441\u043f\u0438\u0442<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0430<\/span>\u043b\u0430 \u043c<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0430<\/span>\u043b\u044c\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u0438 \u043e\u043d<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0438<\/span> \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0430<\/span>\u0442&#8221;. (&#8220;Mom, something happened to aunt Marie, she won&#8217;t say,&#8221; Katya said. &#8220;I raised the boys, and they are quiet, too.&#8221;) [\u0418. \u0413\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430. \u041f\u043e\u0434 \u0444\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0435\u043c (1963)]<\/li>\n<li>\u0413\u0435<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u043e<\/span>\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0439 \u0422\u043e\u0432\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043d<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u043e<\/span>\u0433\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b: \u00ab\u041d\u0435\u0443\u0436<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0435<\/span>\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u043e\u0432<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0435<\/span>\u043c <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0430<\/span>\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430?\u00bb (Georgy Tovstonogov said, &#8220;Are we not going to invite the author?&#8221;) [\u0412\u044f\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432 \u0421\u0443\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u041a\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447. \u0421\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \/\/ \u00ab\u042d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0442\u00bb, 2015]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Basically, if the narration interrupts or follows an inline quote, the latter is enclosed in quotation marks and followed by a dash. For the same situation when the direct speech starts its own paragraph, dashes are used, like in the excerpt from <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Master_and_Margarita\">The Master and Margarita<\/a>\u00a0<\/em>below.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p class=\"abz\">\u2212 \u0414<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0430<\/span>\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0437<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0430<\/span>\u043d\u0443, \u2212 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0438<\/span>\u043b \u0411\u0435\u0440\u043b\u0438<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u043e<\/span>\u0437.<\/p>\n<p class=\"abz\">\u2212 \u041d\u0430\u0440\u0437<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0430<\/span>\u043d\u0443 \u043d<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0435<\/span>\u0442\u0443, \u2212 \u043e\u0442\u0432<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0435<\/span>\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0436<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0435<\/span>\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u0431<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0443<\/span>\u0434\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0443<\/span>-\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0431<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0438<\/span>\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c.<\/p>\n<p class=\"abz\">\u2212 \u041f<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0438<\/span>\u0432\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c? \u2212 \u0441<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0438<\/span>\u043f\u043b\u044b\u043c \u0433<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u043e<\/span>\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0441\u0432<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0435<\/span>\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0411\u0435\u0437\u0434<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u043e<\/span>\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0439.<\/p>\n<p class=\"abz\">\u2212 \u041f<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0438<\/span>\u0432\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0437<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0443<\/span>\u0442 \u043a \u0432<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0435<\/span>\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0443, \u2212 \u043e\u0442\u0432<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0435<\/span>\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0436<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0435<\/span>\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430.<\/p>\n<p class=\"abz\">\u2212 \u0410 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c? \u2212 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0438<\/span>\u043b \u0411\u0435\u0440\u043b\u0438<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u043e<\/span>\u0437.<\/p>\n<p class=\"abz\">\u2212 \u0410\u0431\u0440\u0438\u043a<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u043e<\/span>\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f, \u0442<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u043e<\/span>\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0442<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0435<\/span>\u043f\u043b\u0430\u044f, \u2212 \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0430<\/span>\u043b\u0430 \u0436<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0435<\/span>\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430.<\/p>\n<p class=\"abz\">\u2212 \u041d\u0443, \u0434\u0430\u0432<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0430<\/span>\u0439\u0442\u0435, \u0434\u0430\u0432<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0430<\/span>\u0439\u0442\u0435, \u0434\u0430\u0432<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0430<\/span>\u0439\u0442\u0435!..<\/p>\n<p class=\"abz\"><div class=\"shortcode-toggle toggle-translation-by-diana-burgin closed default border\"><h4 class=\"toggle-trigger\"><a href=\"#\">Translation by Diana Burgin<\/a><\/h4>\n<div class=\"toggle-content\">&#8220;Give me some Narzan water,&#8221; said Berlioz.<br \/>\n&#8220;There isn&#8217;t any,&#8221; replied the woman at the refreshment stand, taking umbrage for some reason.<br \/>\n&#8220;Got any beer?&#8221; inquired Bezdomny in a hoarse voice.<br \/>\n&#8220;The beer will be delivered later,&#8221; the woman answered.<br \/>\n&#8220;So what have you got?&#8221; asked Berlioz.<br \/>\n&#8220;Apricot juice, only it&#8217;s warm,&#8221; said the woman.<br \/>\n&#8220;Well, give us that then!&#8230;&#8221;<\/div><!--\/.toggle-content-->\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"title_open\" value=\"Translation by Diana Burgin\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"title_closed\" value=\"Translation by Diana Burgin\" \/><\/div><!--\/.shortcode-toggle--><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>More detailed rules can be found in this <a href=\"http:\/\/orthographia.ru\/punctuatio.php?sid=138\">source <\/a>in Russian.<\/p>\n<p>The aspect I would like to concentrate on is the ending punctuation in the quote. If the quoted sentence ends with an exclamation point, question mark or ellipsis, the punctuation mark comes before the closing quotation mark. However, if the punctuation mark is a comma, such as in the case of finished sentences or sentences interrupted with the narrator&#8217;s comments, the comma follows the closing quotation mark. Compare:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>&#8220;\u041e\u043d \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0451\u0442 \u0432 \u041a\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435&#8221;, \u2014 \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u043c\u0430.<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;\u041e\u043d \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0451\u0442 \u0432 \u041a\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435?&#8221; \u2014 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u043c\u0430.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>For generations of Russians used to mostly handwriting texts, the mutual placement of the comma and quotation mark may not be obvious because in the handwritten version they appear pretty much one below the other.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_9443\" style=\"width: 2046px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone post-item__attachment\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9443\" class=\"size-full wp-image-9443\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2016\/09\/MG_6010.jpg\" alt=\"Russian handwritten note\" width=\"2036\" height=\"1282\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2016\/09\/MG_6010.jpg 2036w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2016\/09\/MG_6010-350x220.jpg 350w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2016\/09\/MG_6010-768x484.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2016\/09\/MG_6010-1024x645.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2036px) 100vw, 2036px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-9443\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Example of a\u00a0comma-quotation mark combination, written and shot by Maria<\/p><\/div>\n<p>We will continue this discussion next time!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<img width=\"350\" height=\"220\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2016\/09\/MG_6010-350x220.jpg\" class=\"attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"Russian handwritten note\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2016\/09\/MG_6010-350x220.jpg 350w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2016\/09\/MG_6010-768x484.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2016\/09\/MG_6010-1024x645.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2016\/09\/MG_6010.jpg 2036w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/><p>We have talked about keyboarding in Russian and some peculiarities of Russian punctuation on this blog. Let us expand on these subjects with an overview of characters that may not be easy to enter on a keyboard. Generally speaking, until very recently Russian literacy dwelled primarily in the handwritten domain. That is, of course, books&hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"post-item__readmore\"><a class=\"btn btn--md\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/tricky-russian-typography-part-i\/\">Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":113,"featured_media":9443,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[11432,349659,230677,390382,2642],"class_list":["post-9431","post","type-post","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-language","tag-punctuation-marks","tag-russian-punctuation","tag-typing","tag-typography","tag-writing"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9431","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/113"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9431"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9431\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10930,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9431\/revisions\/10930"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9443"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9431"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9431"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9431"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}