{"id":9441,"date":"2016-09-26T07:55:15","date_gmt":"2016-09-26T07:55:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/?p=9441"},"modified":"2016-09-26T01:37:07","modified_gmt":"2016-09-26T01:37:07","slug":"tricky-russian-typography-part-ii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/tricky-russian-typography-part-ii\/","title":{"rendered":"Tricky Russian Typography \u2013 Part II"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote>\n<div id=\"attachment_9451\" style=\"width: 650px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone post-item__attachment\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9451\" class=\"size-full wp-image-9451\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2016\/09\/home-office-336378_640.jpg\" alt=\"laptop and notebook\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2016\/09\/home-office-336378_640.jpg 640w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2016\/09\/home-office-336378_640-350x233.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-9451\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Image from Pixabay<\/p><\/div><\/blockquote>\n<p>Last time, we started talking about punctuation that may be <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/tricky-russian-typography-part-i\/\">tricky to enter<\/a> for Russians primarily used to handwriting; specifically, we covered direct speech. We are continuing to some other tricky cases.<\/p>\n<h2>Dash<\/h2>\n<p>At least in the US, a lot of attention is paid to <a href=\"https:\/\/cgi.duke.edu\/web\/sciwriting\/index.php?action=dash_vs_hyphen\">distinguishing hyphens from n-dashes from m-dashes<\/a> and the proper use of each kind. (Readers from other Anglophone countries and speakers of other languages that use dashes in writing \u2014 what&#8217;s your experience?) I never remember hearing about different kinds of dashes in Russia. We were taught there is \u0434\u0435\u0444<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0438<\/span>\u0441 (hyphen) and \u0442\u0438\u0440<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0435<\/span> (pronounced\u00a0\u0442\u0438\u0440\u044d, dash).<\/p>\n<p>\u0414\u0435\u0444\u0438\u0441 is used as an orthographic character within words <a href=\"http:\/\/orthographia.ru\/orfografia.php?sid=59\">as described here<\/a>, while \u0442\u0438\u0440\u0435 is used as <a href=\"http:\/\/orthographia.ru\/punctuatio.php?sid=105#pp105\">punctuation in sentences<\/a>. Russian designer Artemy Lebedev covered the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.artlebedev.ru\/kovodstvo\/sections\/97\/\">difference between hyphens, minus signs, n-dashes, and m-dashes<\/a>\u00a0in Russian.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u042f \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u044e<\/span> \u043f\u043e-\u0440<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0443<\/span>\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438 (&#8220;I speak Russian;&#8221; the hyphen is within the word).<\/li>\n<li>\u0421\u0442\u043e\u043b<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0438<\/span>\u0446\u0430 \u0424\u0440<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0430<\/span>\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u2014 \u041f\u0430\u0440<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0438<\/span>\u0436 (&#8220;The capital of France is Paris;&#8221; the dash is used in place of the missing verb &#8220;to be,&#8221; as it were).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The problem\u00a0is that typewriters\u00a0\u2014 and computers, which largely copied their keyboard layout \u2014 combined hyphens (-) and dashes (\u2014) in one key. As a result, hyphens, which are easier to type, end up being used instead of dashes.\u00a0Your average Russian was likely taught how to write things by hand, and the difference in length between the different &#8220;lines&#8221; was not part of their education.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_9450\" style=\"width: 1771px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone post-item__attachment\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9450\" class=\"size-full wp-image-9450\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2016\/09\/MG_6011.jpg\" alt=\"handwritten note demonstrating use of dashes and hyphens\" width=\"1761\" height=\"1110\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2016\/09\/MG_6011.jpg 1761w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2016\/09\/MG_6011-350x221.jpg 350w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2016\/09\/MG_6011-768x484.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2016\/09\/MG_6011-1024x645.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1761px) 100vw, 1761px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-9450\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">You cannot really tell a hyphen from a dash in handwritten texts, apart from the spaces around the dash.<br \/>Image and handwriting by Maria<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Traditionally, only m-dashes have been used in\u00a0Russian, although Lebedev advocated the use of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.artlebedev.ru\/kovodstvo\/sections\/158\/\">n-dashes for number ranges<\/a>. To enter an m-dash on your keyboard, input the following key combinations:<\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 122px\" width=\"467\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"150\">Windows<\/td>\n<td width=\"168\">Alt + 0151 (or Alt + 2014)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"150\">Mac<\/td>\n<td width=\"168\">option + shift + &#8211;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"150\">Linux<\/td>\n<td width=\"168\">Ctrl + Shift + U, then 2014, Enter<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Percent Sign<\/h2>\n<p>One of the murky areas of Russian typewriting involves percent signs (%). Once again, in handwriting, it is not obvious whether there is a space between the number and the following percent sign or whether it is just normal <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Letter-spacing\">letter-spacing<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>In typesetting, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.genon.ru\/GetAnswer.aspx?qid=80c88a32-be01-4e60-a191-29a992cb57de\">earlier sources<\/a> recommended not separating the percent sign from the preceding number because it was not really a unit of measurement, which would be separated with a space in Russian. Since 1982, the GOST (\u0413\u041e\u0421\u0422) standard recommends <a href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0#.D0.9F.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.B2.D0.B8.D0.BB.D0.B0_.D0.BD.D0.B0.D0.B1.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.B0\">separating<\/a> the number and the percent sign with a non-breaking space (10\u00a0%). This recommendation was also reflected in an authoritative reference book by Arkady Mil&#8217;chin, although he really advocates <a href=\"https:\/\/www.artlebedev.ru\/izdal\/spravochnik-izdatelya-i-avtora\/Milchin-Numbers.pdf\">2 points between the number and the percent sign<\/a>\u00a0and not a full space.<\/p>\n<p>However, many respected publications <a href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%8E%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%80%D1%8B\">never followed this rule<\/a>. As a result, no space between the number and the percent sign can be seen frequently. Consult a style guide for your organization to decide. Personally, I use no spaces in my own writing.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u041f\u0440\u043e<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0435<\/span>\u043a\u0442 \u0432<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u044b<\/span>\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430 70%.<\/li>\n<li>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430 70 % (both meaning &#8220;The project is 70% complete&#8221;).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<img width=\"350\" height=\"233\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2016\/09\/home-office-336378_640-350x233.jpg\" class=\"attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"laptop and notebook\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2016\/09\/home-office-336378_640-350x233.jpg 350w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2016\/09\/home-office-336378_640.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/><p>Last time, we started talking about punctuation that may be tricky to enter for Russians primarily used to handwriting; specifically, we covered direct speech. We are continuing to some other tricky cases. Dash At least in the US, a lot of attention is paid to distinguishing hyphens from n-dashes from m-dashes and the proper use&hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"post-item__readmore\"><a class=\"btn btn--md\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/tricky-russian-typography-part-ii\/\">Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":113,"featured_media":9451,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[385734,349659,349771,390382],"class_list":["post-9441","post","type-post","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-language","tag-digital-input","tag-russian-punctuation","tag-typing-in-russian","tag-typography"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9441","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/113"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9441"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9441\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9457,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9441\/revisions\/9457"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9451"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9441"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9441"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9441"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}