{"id":9767,"date":"2017-02-14T07:24:07","date_gmt":"2017-02-14T07:24:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/?p=9767"},"modified":"2017-02-14T02:59:22","modified_gmt":"2017-02-14T02:59:22","slug":"how-do-i-make-an-abstract-noun-in-russian","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/how-do-i-make-an-abstract-noun-in-russian\/","title":{"rendered":"How Do I Make An Abstract Noun in Russian?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Learners of Russian soon notice that it uses different forms for different parts of speech. Very rarely can the same sequence of sounds or letters be both a noun and an adjective.\u00a0There are many, many ways of creating nouns of different categories from other parts of speech, such as verbs, adjectives, or other nouns. In this post, we will concentrate on five common suffixes that turn\u00a0an adjective (or sometimes another noun) into an abstract noun.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_9787\" style=\"width: 1034px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone post-item__attachment\"><a href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/search\/danger?photo=WuPHTzYf25E\" aria-label=\"Wuphtzyf25e Adam Birkett 1024x683\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9787\" class=\"size-large wp-image-9787\"  alt=\"locked door with danger warnings posted\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" \/ src=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2017\/02\/wuphtzyf25e-adam-birkett-1024x683.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2017\/02\/wuphtzyf25e-adam-birkett-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2017\/02\/wuphtzyf25e-adam-birkett-350x233.jpg 350w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2017\/02\/wuphtzyf25e-adam-birkett-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-9787\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Image from Unsplash<\/p><\/div>\n<h1>-\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/h1>\n<p>This is the &#8220;default&#8221; suffix that takes an adjective (sans ending) and converts it into an abstract noun. It could perhaps be compared to the English suffix &#8211;<em>ness\u00a0<\/em>in that it is used for neologisms or ad hoc word-building, e.g. \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c (&#8220;Russian-ness&#8221;). The resulting nouns are feminine.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0447<span style=\"color: #ff99cc\">\u0435<\/span>\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 (honest) &#8211; \u0447<span style=\"color: #ff99cc\">\u0435<\/span>\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c (honesty)<\/li>\n<li>\u043e\u043f<span style=\"color: #ff99cc\">\u0430<\/span>\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0439 (dangerous) &#8211; \u043e\u043f<span style=\"color: #ff99cc\">\u0430<\/span>\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c (danger)<\/li>\n<li>\u0443\u0432<span style=\"color: #ff99cc\">\u0435<\/span>\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 (confident) &#8211; \u0443\u0432<span style=\"color: #ff99cc\">\u0435<\/span>\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c (confidence)<\/li>\n<li>\u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434<span style=\"color: #ff99cc\">\u0438<\/span>\u043c\u044b\u0439 (necessary) &#8211; \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434<span style=\"color: #ff99cc\">\u0438<\/span>\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c (need, necessity)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Gorbachev&#8217;s famous policy of \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c (more or less &#8220;openness&#8221;) is also formed this way from the word \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441, &#8220;voice.&#8221;<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_9788\" style=\"width: 1034px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone post-item__attachment\"><a href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/search\/photos\/childhood?photo=sAabA4Z8OfU\" aria-label=\"Saaba4z8ofu David Straight 1024x683\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9788\" class=\"size-large wp-image-9788\"  alt=\"toddler walking\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" \/ src=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2017\/02\/saaba4z8ofu-david-straight-1024x683.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2017\/02\/saaba4z8ofu-david-straight-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2017\/02\/saaba4z8ofu-david-straight-350x233.jpg 350w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2017\/02\/saaba4z8ofu-david-straight-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-9788\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Image from Unsplash<\/p><\/div>\n<h1>\u00a0-\u0441\u0442\u0432-\u043e<\/h1>\n<p>This is another suffix for making abstract nouns, neuter this time. -\u043e is the ending that will change in declension.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d<span style=\"color: #ff99cc\">\u043e<\/span>\u0439 (blood \/of relatives\/; native) &#8211; \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432<span style=\"color: #ff99cc\">\u043e<\/span> (\/blood\/ relation)<\/li>\n<li>\u0431\u043e\u0433<span style=\"color: #ff99cc\">\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u044b\u0439 (rich) &#8211; \u0431\u043e\u0433<span style=\"color: #ff99cc\">\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e (wealth)<\/li>\n<li>\u0434<span style=\"color: #ff99cc\">\u0435<\/span>\u0442\u0438 (children) &#8211; \u0434<span style=\"color: #ff99cc\">\u0435<\/span>\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e (childhood)<\/li>\n<li>\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442 (brother) &#8211; \u0431\u0440<span style=\"color: #ff99cc\">\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e (brotherhood)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_9789\" style=\"width: 1034px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone post-item__attachment\"><a href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/search\/lime?photo=0AezIn0HHIo\" aria-label=\"0aezin0hhio Gala Rodriguez 1024x683\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9789\" class=\"size-large wp-image-9789\"  alt=\"limes\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" \/ src=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2017\/02\/0aezin0hhio-gala-rodriguez-1024x683.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2017\/02\/0aezin0hhio-gala-rodriguez-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2017\/02\/0aezin0hhio-gala-rodriguez-350x234.jpg 350w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2017\/02\/0aezin0hhio-gala-rodriguez-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-9789\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Image from Unsplash<\/p><\/div>\n<h1>-\u043e\u0442-\u0430<\/h1>\n<p>This suffixs makes adjectives into abstract feminine nouns. -\u0430 is the ending here.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0434<span style=\"color: #ff99cc\">\u043e<\/span>\u0431\u0440\u044b\u0439 (kind) &#8211; \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0442<span style=\"color: #ff99cc\">\u0430<\/span> (kindness)<\/li>\n<li>\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441<span style=\"color: #ff99cc\">\u0438<\/span>\u0432\u044b\u0439, originally \u043a\u0440<span style=\"color: #ff99cc\">\u0430<\/span>\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0439 (beautiful) &#8211; \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0442<span style=\"color: #ff99cc\">\u0430<\/span> (beauty)<\/li>\n<li>\u043a<span style=\"color: #ff99cc\">\u0438<\/span>\u0441\u043b\u044b\u0439 (sour, acidic) &#8211; \u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0442<span style=\"color: #ff99cc\">\u0430<\/span> (acid)<\/li>\n<li>\u0447<span style=\"color: #ff99cc\">\u0438<\/span>\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0439 (clean, pure) &#8211; \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442<span style=\"color: #ff99cc\">\u0430<\/span> (cleanliness, purity)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>There several other nouns ending in -\u043e\u0442\u0430 where the derivation is not as straightforward, for instance \u0440\u0430\u0431<span style=\"color: #ff99cc\">\u043e<\/span>\u0442\u0430 (work) or \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u0442<span style=\"color: #ff99cc\">\u0430<\/span> (height).<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_9790\" style=\"width: 1034px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone post-item__attachment\"><a href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/search\/deep?photo=zUMk4bg8GFc\" aria-label=\"Zumk4bg8gfc Marco Assmann 1024x768\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9790\" class=\"size-large wp-image-9790\"  alt=\"diver in deep water\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" \/ src=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2017\/02\/zumk4bg8gfc-marco-assmann-1024x768.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2017\/02\/zumk4bg8gfc-marco-assmann-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2017\/02\/zumk4bg8gfc-marco-assmann-350x263.jpg 350w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2017\/02\/zumk4bg8gfc-marco-assmann-768x576.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-9790\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Image from Unsplash<\/p><\/div>\n<h1>-\u0438\u043d-\u0430<\/h1>\n<p>This suffix is usually added to adjectives to make a noun.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0442<span style=\"color: #ff99cc\">\u0438<\/span>\u0445\u0438\u0439 (quiet) &#8211; \u0442\u0438\u0448\u0438\u043d<span style=\"color: #ff99cc\">\u0430<\/span> (silence; note the phonetic change of \u0445 to \u0448)<\/li>\n<li>\u0433\u043b\u0443\u0431<span style=\"color: #ff99cc\">\u043e<\/span>\u043a\u0438\u0439 (deep) &#8211; \u0433\u043b\u0443\u0431\u0438\u043d<span style=\"color: #ff99cc\">\u0430<\/span> (depth; not a very neat case because we first drop the adjective suffix -\u043e\u043a-)<\/li>\n<li>\u0432\u0435\u043b<span style=\"color: #ff99cc\">\u0438<\/span>\u043a\u0438\u0439 (great) &#8211; \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d<span style=\"color: #ff99cc\">\u0430<\/span> (magnitude, measurement)<\/li>\n<li>\u0441\u0440<span style=\"color: #ff99cc\">\u0435<\/span>\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439 (middle, average) &#8211; \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434<span style=\"color: #ff99cc\">\u0438<\/span>\u043d\u0430 (the middle; extra vowel due to a phonetic change called <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/pleophony\">pleophony<\/a>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_9791\" style=\"width: 1034px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone post-item__attachment\"><a href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/collections\/541\/staircases?photo=YfCVCPMNd38\" aria-label=\"Yfcvcpmnd38 Ludde Lorentz 1024x768\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9791\" class=\"size-large wp-image-9791\"  alt=\"curved staircase\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" \/ src=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2017\/02\/yfcvcpmnd38-ludde-lorentz-1024x768.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2017\/02\/yfcvcpmnd38-ludde-lorentz-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2017\/02\/yfcvcpmnd38-ludde-lorentz-350x263.jpg 350w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2017\/02\/yfcvcpmnd38-ludde-lorentz-768x576.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-9791\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Image from Unsplash<\/p><\/div>\n<h1>-\u0438\u0437\u043d-\u0430<\/h1>\n<p>This is a somewhat rarer suffix that takes an adjective and turns it to a noun.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0431<span style=\"color: #ff99cc\">\u0435<\/span>\u043b\u044b\u0439 (white) &#8211; \u0431\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043d<span style=\"color: #ff99cc\">\u0430<\/span> (whiteness)<\/li>\n<li>\u043d<span style=\"color: #ff99cc\">\u043e<\/span>\u0432\u044b\u0439 (new) &#8211; \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0437\u043d<span style=\"color: #ff99cc\">\u0430<\/span> (novelty)<\/li>\n<li>\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433<span style=\"color: #ff99cc\">\u043e<\/span>\u0439 (expensive) &#8211; \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432<span style=\"color: #ff99cc\">\u0438<\/span>\u0437\u043d\u0430 (costliness)<\/li>\n<li>\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0432<span style=\"color: #ff99cc\">\u043e<\/span>\u0439 (curved, crooked) &#8211; \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0437\u043d<span style=\"color: #ff99cc\">\u0430<\/span> (curvature)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This was a very brief overview of forming abstract nouns in Russian. Just as in Enlgish, there is no one-size-fits-all suffix that would work for every word. I encourage you to identify these and other suffixes when <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/3-affordable-ways-to-surround-yourself-with-russian-media\/\">reading Russian<\/a> so you can add more examples to each group.<\/p>\n<p>Note that not all nouns are derived from adjectives! Some nouns\u00a0<em>are<\/em> the source of any further derivation, e.g. \u0443\u043c (intelligence) &#8211; \u0443\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0439 (clever, smart).<\/p>\n<p>If this was a bit too challenging, you may want to read our <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/ten-posts-for-beginners-to-help-you-ease-into-russian\/\">posts for beginners<\/a> first!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<img width=\"350\" height=\"263\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2017\/02\/yfcvcpmnd38-ludde-lorentz-350x263.jpg\" class=\"attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"curved staircase\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2017\/02\/yfcvcpmnd38-ludde-lorentz-350x263.jpg 350w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2017\/02\/yfcvcpmnd38-ludde-lorentz-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2017\/02\/yfcvcpmnd38-ludde-lorentz-1024x768.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/><p>Learners of Russian soon notice that it uses different forms for different parts of speech. Very rarely can the same sequence of sounds or letters be both a noun and an adjective.\u00a0There are many, many ways of creating nouns of different categories from other parts of speech, such as verbs, adjectives, or other nouns. In&hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"post-item__readmore\"><a class=\"btn btn--md\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/how-do-i-make-an-abstract-noun-in-russian\/\">Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":113,"featured_media":9791,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[7828],"tags":[507314,60883,110,253010,6964,494395,410884],"class_list":["post-9767","post","type-post","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-russian-for-beginners","tag-grammar","tag-morphology","tag-nouns","tag-russian-abstract-nouns","tag-suffixes","tag-why-is-russian-so-hard","tag-word-building"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9767","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/113"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9767"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9767\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9792,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9767\/revisions\/9792"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9791"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9767"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9767"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9767"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}