{"id":9781,"date":"2017-02-22T07:46:06","date_gmt":"2017-02-22T07:46:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/?p=9781"},"modified":"2017-03-02T13:52:09","modified_gmt":"2017-03-02T13:52:09","slug":"add-emotion-to-your-russian-emphatic-particles-part-i","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/add-emotion-to-your-russian-emphatic-particles-part-i\/","title":{"rendered":"Add Emotion to Your Russian: Emphatic Particles (Part I)"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"book

Image from Unsplash<\/p><\/div>\n

Whenever I read English translations of Russian literature, they strike me as rather matter-of-fact. This may be because Russian often not only describes reality but also expresses the author’s attitude towards it. One way of doing that is through particles (\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438<\/span>\u0446\u044b).<\/p>\n

Take a look at this excerpt from the story<\/a> “\u0417\u0430\u043f\u0438<\/span>\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430<\/span>\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043b\u0438<\/span>\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044f\u0445” (“Notes On Oriental Plane<\/a> Leaves”) in the “\u0414\u0440\u0443<\/span>\u0436\u0431\u0430 \u041d\u0430\u0440\u043e<\/span>\u0434\u043e\u0432” (Friendship of the People)\u00a0<\/em>journal.<\/p>\n

\u042d<\/span>\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430<\/span>\u0441 \u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b \u044f<\/span>\u0440\u043e\u043a. \u0412 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435<\/span>\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0436\u0435 <\/strong>\u0432\u0440\u0435<\/span>\u043c\u044f \u043e\u043d, \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0430<\/span>\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0421\u0438\u0431\u0438<\/span>\u0440\u0438, \u0432\u0438<\/span>\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0430<\/span>\u0441\u043c\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0434\u0430<\/span>\u0436\u0435 \u0438<\/strong> \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u043e<\/span>\u043b\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043c.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

This could be translated into English as “It is only recently that the world has become colorful. In the Soviet era, however, even in our Siberia, it looked overcast even when the sun was shining.” What would change if we took out the highlighted words?\u00a0While the meaning would remain, the passage would lost much of its poignancy.\u00a0In this post, let us look at several common particles used for emphasis.<\/p>\n

\u0414\u0430<\/span>\u0436\u0435<\/h1>\n

Probably the most common participle is \u0434\u0430<\/span>\u0436\u0435 (even). This usage is pretty straightforward and similar to English.<\/p>\n

\u0414\u0430<\/span>\u0436\u0435 \u0432 \u0430\u043d\u043a\u0435<\/span>\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e<\/span>\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0430<\/span>: “\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u044b \u043e\u0446\u0435<\/span>\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u043e<\/span>\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430<\/span>\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u0430<\/span>\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430?”
\nEven job applications have a box asking, “How would you assess your professional qualities?”
\n[\u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0439 \u0414\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043a\u0438 \/\/ \u00ab\u0418\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430\u00bb, 1990]<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u0418<\/h1>\n

You likely know \u0438 as the conjunction “and.” However, it is also often used for emphasis. Often, \u0438 is a synonym for \u0434\u0430<\/span>\u0436\u0435 and is placed before the verb. That is not always the case. Let us look at some specific examples.<\/p>\n

\u0410 \u043e\u0431 \u044d<\/span>\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e<\/span> \u0438<\/strong> \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0443<\/span>\u043c\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f.
\nNo one even stopped to think about it.
\n[\u0414\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0420\u0443\u0431\u0438\u043d\u0430. \u041c\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0448\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0443\u043b\u043a\u0430 (\u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043a) (2015)]<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Here, \u0438 could be replaced with \u0434\u0430<\/span>\u0436\u0435 (even) to mean the same thing.<\/p>\n

\u0414\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0436\u0430<\/span>\u043b\u0443\u0439, \u0432\u043c\u0435<\/span>\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0441 \u044d<\/span>\u0442\u0438\u043c \u0438<\/strong> \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435<\/span>\u0446 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e<\/span>\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435<\/span>.
\nThat would probably be the end of the whole story.
\n[\u0410\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u041a\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0438\u043d. \u041d\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u0438\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440 \/\/ \u00ab\u0421\u0438\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0433\u043d\u0438\u00bb, 2013]<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u0418 here is not a conjunction connecting two ideas or clauses. Instead, it is used for emphasis.<\/p>\n

\"parents

Image from Unsplash<\/p><\/div>\n

\u0422\u0430\u043a \u043c\u043e\u044f<\/span> \u043c\u0430<\/span>\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0430<\/span>\u043b\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u044c\u044e<\/span> \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435<\/span>\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u0430<\/span>\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043d\u0435<\/span>\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433 . . . \u0423 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u044f<\/span> \u043c\u0430<\/span>\u043c\u0430 \u0438<\/strong> \u0432\u044b<\/span>\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u0432 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u0432\u0438<\/span> \u0438 \u0443\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0435<\/span>\u043d\u0438\u0438.<\/p>\n

That’s how my mother ended up in the family of a well-known writer, the author of several books […] It was in that family that my mom grew up in love and respect.<\/p>\n

[\u0414\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0420\u0443\u0431\u0438\u043d\u0430. \u041c\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0448\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0443\u043b\u043a\u0430 (\u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043a) (2015)]<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Here, \u0438 refers back to an antecedent \u2014 the family where the mother grew up. It is similar to the English “it was there that…” construction. A famous example of this construction is the passage in\u00a0Crime and Punishment<\/a>\u00a0<\/em>\u2014 no spoilers! \u2014 where the detective tells the suspect, who had asked him who had killed the victim, “\u0412\u044b \u0438 \u0443\u0431\u0438<\/span>\u043b\u0438.” This can be translated “You\u00a0<\/em>did” or “It was you who did it.”<\/p>\n

\u0416\u0435<\/h1>\n

\u0416\u0435 is a particle used to express a contradiction or surprise or to drive a point home.<\/p>\n

\u042f \u0443\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0438<\/span>\u043b\u0441\u044f:
\n\u2015 \u0412\u044b \u0447\u0442\u043e, \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435<\/span>\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0430<\/span>\u043b\u0438?
\n\u2015 \u0418\u043c\u0435<\/span>\u044e \u0434\u0438\u043f\u043b\u043e<\/span>\u043c \u0441 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438<\/span>\u0447\u0438\u0435\u043c.
\n\u2015 \u0422\u0430\u043a \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443<\/span> \u0436\u0435<\/strong> \u0432\u044b \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c?
\n\u2015 \u0410 \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0436\u0435<\/strong> \u043c\u043d\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c? \u0413\u0434\u0435 \u0436\u0435<\/strong> \u043c\u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e<\/span>\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u043f\u043e-\u0442\u0432\u043e<\/span>\u0435\u043c\u0443?
\nI was surprised, “So you have a university degree?”
\n“I graduated with honors.”
\n“So why are you here?”
\n“Where else should I be? Where should I be working, in your opinion?”
\n[\u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0439 \u0414\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u0412\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434 (1990)]<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Here, \u0436\u0435 emphasizes the questions and makes them sound like a contradiction to previously presented information.<\/p>\n

\u0412\u043e\u0442 \u0438 \u044f \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430<\/span>\u044e\u2026 \u042f \u0436\u0435<\/strong> \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u0443\u0440\u0430<\/span>\u043a! \u042f \u0436\u0435<\/strong> \u0441 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430<\/span>\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c\u2026
\nI understand that, too. I’m not stupid, in the end. I’m educated, after all…
\n[\u0413\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0413\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d. \u041f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044f\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0433\u0435?\u00a0(1960-1985)]<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Here, too, \u0436\u0435 contrast the statement with the previous information or expectations.<\/p>\n

\u0416\u0435 also\u00a0appears in expressions meaning “the same,” e.g. “\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0436\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043c” (the same house), “\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430<\/span> \u0436\u0435” (at the same time), etc.<\/p>\n

We will continue this discussion next time<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\"parents

Whenever I read English translations of Russian literature, they strike me as rather matter-of-fact. This may be because Russian often not only describes reality but also expresses the author’s attitude towards it. One way of doing that is through particles (\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446\u044b). Take a look at this excerpt from the story “\u0417\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044f\u0445” (“Notes…<\/p>\n

Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":113,"featured_media":9803,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[8,7828],"tags":[349702,410894,7386,273772,2809],"class_list":["post-9781","post","type-post","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-language","category-russian-for-beginners","tag-advanced-russian","tag-attitude","tag-emotions","tag-emphasis","tag-particles"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9781","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/113"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9781"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9781\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9813,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9781\/revisions\/9813"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9803"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9781"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9781"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9781"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}