{"id":5622,"date":"2012-09-06T12:45:27","date_gmt":"2012-09-06T16:45:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/spanish\/?p=5622"},"modified":"2012-09-06T12:45:27","modified_gmt":"2012-09-06T16:45:27","slug":"spanish-lexicon-ii-arabic-origin-of-words-and-expressions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/spanish\/spanish-lexicon-ii-arabic-origin-of-words-and-expressions\/","title":{"rendered":"Spanish lexicon II. Arabic origin of words and expressions."},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Hace tan solo unos d\u00edas hablamos sobre la influencia latina en el Espa\u00f1ol, as\u00ed que hoy toca hacerlo sobre la \u00e1rabe. La presencia \u00e1rabe en Espa\u00f1a dur\u00f3 m\u00e1s de siete siglos, por lo que su aportaci\u00f3n afect\u00f3 a las restantes culturas de la pen\u00ednsula, incluida la lengua. Hay t\u00e9rminos en los que claramente detectamos su origen, pero otros est\u00e1n tan asimilados en nuestro idioma, que cuesta saber de donde provienen.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Un claro ejemplo es la interjecci\u00f3n \u201c<strong><em>ojal\u00e1<\/em><\/strong>\u201d proviene de la castellanizaci\u00f3n de una expresi\u00f3n condicional hipot\u00e9tica \u00e1rabe que viene a decir &#8220;\u00a1que Dios quiera!&#8221;\u00a0 La preposici\u00f3n \u201c<strong><em>hasta<\/em><\/strong>\u201d, y los adjetivos \u201c<strong><em>azul<\/em><\/strong>\u201d o \u201c<strong><em>mezquino<\/em><\/strong>\u201d tambi\u00e9n vienen de esta lengua.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Sin embargo, es en los sustantivos donde podemos apreciar mayor presencia de t\u00e9rminos \u00e1rabes, o palabras que nos han llegado a trav\u00e9s de dicho idioma: una de nuestras frutas m\u00e1s sabrosas, la naranja, proviene del s\u00e1nscrito, mas a nosotros nos lleg\u00f3 por influencia \u00e1rabe. El t\u00e9rmino \u201c<strong><em>padres<\/em><\/strong>\u201d, para referirnos a ambos progenitores, tiene origen similar.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Os dejo algunas palabras que hoy d\u00eda seguimos utilizando, organizadas por campo sem\u00e1ntico:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">&#8211; \u00a0T\u00e9rminos <strong>culinarios<\/strong>, <strong>agricultura<\/strong>, <strong>horticultura<\/strong> y <strong>pesca<\/strong>: aceite, aceituna, acelga albaricoque, alb\u00f3ndiga, alcachofa, alm\u00edbar, alubia, arroz, at\u00fan, azafr\u00e1n, az\u00facar, berenjena, caf\u00e9, escabeche, espinaca, lim\u00f3n, naranja, sand\u00eda, zanahoria.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">&#8211; T\u00e9rminos <strong>musicales<\/strong> (instrumentos y danzas): guitarra, la\u00fad; tambor, zambra.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">&#8211; <strong>Vestimenta<\/strong>, <strong>calzado<\/strong> y <strong>ropa de hogar<\/strong>: ajuar, albornoz, alfombra, almohada, alpargata, babucha, mandil, zapato.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">&#8211; <strong>Instituciones administrativas y sociales<\/strong>: aduana, aldea, alquiler, arrabal, barrio, mazmorra.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">&#8211; <strong>Arbustos, plantas y flores<\/strong>: albahaca, algod\u00f3n, azahar, azucena, jazm\u00edn, nen\u00fafar<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">&#8211; <strong>Partes de la casa y\u00a0 de construcci\u00f3n<\/strong>: alcoba, azotea, aljibe, alberca, acequia, azulejo, baldosa, tabique, zagu\u00e1n.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">&#8211; <strong>Recipientes, utensilios <\/strong>dom\u00e9sticos: alfiler, almirez, candil, garrafa, jarra, taza.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">&#8211; Nombres de <strong>colores<\/strong>: a\u00f1il, escarlata<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">&#8211; <strong>Profesiones y cargos<\/strong>: alba\u00f1il, alcalde, alguacil, albacea, alfarero.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">&#8211; Otros: alc\u00e1zar, \u00e1mbar, jarabe, m\u00e1scara, n\u00e1car, ata\u00fad.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Y para terminar, gran cantidad de <strong>top\u00f3nimos<\/strong> y <strong>gentilicios<\/strong>: Algarbe (el poniente), Alcal\u00e1 (el castillo), Medina (ciudad), Albacete, (el llano) Alc\u00e1ntara, (el pasadizo, el puente) Algeciras, (la isla verde), Almer\u00eda, (el espejo de mar), C\u00e1ceres, (las fortalezas, los palacios), Guadalquivir, (el valle -lecho de r\u00edo- grande), La Mancha, (el lugar elevado); Gibraltar (monte de Tariq), Almazan (el fortificado); los compuestos de rio (Guada): Guadalajara (rio de las piedras),los que tienen un nombre personal: Medinaceli (ciudad de Selim), Calatayud (castillo de Ayud). En el caso de los gentilicios, algunos han dado lugar a dobletes: berber\u00ed-ber\u00e9bei, ceut\u00ed-septense, magreb\u00ed-mogrebino, marroqu\u00ed-marroqu\u00edn, tunec\u00ed-tunecino.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00bfOs ha sorprendido alg\u00fan t\u00e9rmino? \u00bfSer\u00edais capaces de a\u00f1adir m\u00e1s?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Spanish lexicon. Arabic rigin of words and expressions<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Some days ago we spoke about the Latin influence in the Spanish language, so today we will do the same with the Arabic. The Arabic presence in Spain lasted for more than seven centuries, for its contribution affected the remaining cultures in the peninsula, including the language. There are terms in which we clearly detect its origin, but some others are so assimilated in our language, that it is hard to know where they come from.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">A clear example is the interjection &#8220;<strong><em>ojal\u00e1<\/em><\/strong>&#8221; which is comes from the \u201cCastilianisation\u201d of a hypothetical conditional Arabic expression meaning \u201cGod willing!\u201d The preposition &#8220;<strong><em>hasta<\/em><\/strong>\u201d (up to), and the adjectives &#8220;<em><strong>azul<\/strong><\/em>\u201d (blue) or &#8221; <em><strong>mezquino<\/strong><\/em>\u201d (mean) also come from this language. Nevertheless, it is in the nouns where we can find major presence of Arabic terms, or words that have come to us through the above mentioned language: one of our tastier fruits, the orange (<strong><em>naranja<\/em><\/strong>), comes from Sanskrit, but came to us due to Arabic influence. The term &#8220;<em><strong>padres<\/strong><\/em>&#8220;, to refer to both parents, has similar origin.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">I\u00b4m giving you some words that we still use today, organized by semantic field:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">&#8211; Culinary, agricultural, horticultural and fishing related terms: <em>aceite<\/em> (oil), <em>aceituna<\/em> (olive), <em>acelga<\/em> (chard), \u00a0<em>albaricoque<\/em> (apricot), <em>alb\u00f3ndiga<\/em> (meatball), <em>alcachofa<\/em> (artichoke), <em>alm\u00edbar<\/em> (syrup), <em>alubia<\/em> (bean), <em>arroz<\/em> (rice), <em>at\u00fan<\/em> (tuna), <em>azafr\u00e1n<\/em> (saffron), <em>az\u00facar<\/em> (sugar), <em>berenjena<\/em> (aubergine), <em>caf\u00e9<\/em> (coffee), <em>escabeche<\/em> (pickling brine), <em>espinaca<\/em> (spinach), <em>lim\u00f3n<\/em> (lemon), <em>naranja<\/em> (orange), <em>\u00a0 sand\u00eda<\/em>\u00a0 (watermelon),\u00a0 <em>zanahoria<\/em> (carrot).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">&#8211; Musical terms (instruments and dances): <em>guitarra<\/em> (guitar), <em>la\u00fad<\/em> (lute), <em>tambor<\/em> (drum), <em>zambra<\/em> (gypsy festivity).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a0&#8211; Clothes, footwear and household linen: <em>ajuar<\/em> (trousseau), <em>albornoz<\/em> (bathrobe), <em>alfombra<\/em> (carpet), <em>almohada<\/em> (pillow), <em>alpargata<\/em> (espadrille), <em>babucha<\/em> (babouche), <em>mandil<\/em> (apron), <em>zapato<\/em> (shoe).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">&#8211; Administrative and social institutions: <em>aduana<\/em> (customs), <em>aldea<\/em> (village), <em>alquiler<\/em> (rent), <em>arrabal<\/em> (suburb) <em>barrio<\/em> (neighbourhood),\u00a0 <em>mazmorra<\/em> (dungeon).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">&#8211; Shrubs, plants and flowers: <em>albahaca<\/em> (basil), <em>algod\u00f3n<\/em> (cotton), <em>azahar<\/em> (orange blossom), <em>azucena<\/em> (lily), <em>jazm\u00edn<\/em> (jasmine), <em>nen\u00fafar<\/em> (water lily)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">&#8211; Parts of the house and building: <em>alcoba<\/em> (bedroom), <em>azotea<\/em> (terrace roof), <em>aljibe<\/em> (cistern), <em>alberca<\/em> (pond), <em>acequia<\/em> (irrigation ditch), <em>azulejo<\/em> (glazed tile), <em>tabique<\/em> (partition), <em>zagu\u00e1n<\/em> (hallway).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">&#8211; Containers, domestic utensils: <em>alfiler<\/em> (pin), <em>almirez<\/em> (mortar), <em>candil<\/em> (oil-lamp), <em>garrafa<\/em> (carafe), <em>jarra<\/em> (pitcher), <em>taza<\/em> (cup).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">&#8211; Colour names: <em>a\u00f1il<\/em> (indigo), <em>escarlata<\/em> (scarlet)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">&#8211; Professions and positions: <em>alba\u00f1il<\/em> (bricklayer), <em>alcalde<\/em> (mayor), <em>alguacil<\/em> (sheriff), <em>albacea<\/em> (executor), <em>alfarero<\/em> (potter).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">&#8211; Others: <em>alc\u00e1zar<\/em> (fortress), <em>\u00e1mbar<\/em> (amber), <em>jarabe<\/em> (syrup), <em>m\u00e1scara<\/em> (mask), <em>n\u00e1car<\/em> (mother-of-pearl), <em>ata\u00fad<\/em> (coffin).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">And to end with, a lot of of toponyms and names given to the people from a particular region or country: Algarbe (the west part), Alcala (the castle), Medina (city), Albacete, (the plain) Alc\u00e1ntara, (the alley, the bridge); Algeciras (the green island), (Almeria (the mirror of the sea), Caceres (the fortresses, the palaces), the Guadalquivir (the big valley, river bed), La Mancha (the high place), the compounds of \u201cr\u00edo\u201d (river) (Guada): Guadalajara (river of the stones), Gibraltar (Tariq&#8217;s mount), Almazan (the fortified one), some words with a personal name: Medinaceli (Selim&#8217;s city), Calatayud (Ayud&#8217;s castle) and Castielfabib (Habib&#8217;s castle). In case of \u201cgentilicios\u201d, some of them have given place to doublets: Berber &#8211; ber\u00e9bei, native of Ceuta &#8211; septense, Maghrebian &#8211; mogrebino, Moroccan &#8211; marroqu\u00edn, tunec\u00ed-Tunisian.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Has any of these terms surprised you? Could you add new ones?<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hace tan solo unos d\u00edas hablamos sobre la influencia latina en el Espa\u00f1ol, as\u00ed que hoy toca hacerlo sobre la \u00e1rabe. La presencia \u00e1rabe en Espa\u00f1a dur\u00f3 m\u00e1s de siete siglos, por lo que su aportaci\u00f3n afect\u00f3 a las restantes culturas de la pen\u00ednsula, incluida la lengua. Hay t\u00e9rminos en los que claramente detectamos su&hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"post-item__readmore\"><a class=\"btn btn--md\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/spanish\/spanish-lexicon-ii-arabic-origin-of-words-and-expressions\/\">Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":47,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[61202,3,13],"tags":[66,358369],"class_list":["post-5622","post","type-post","status-publish","hentry","category-learning-2","category-culture","category-vocabulary","tag-expressions","tag-vocabulary"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/spanish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5622","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/spanish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/spanish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/spanish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/47"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/spanish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5622"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/spanish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5622\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5630,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/spanish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5622\/revisions\/5630"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/spanish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5622"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/spanish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5622"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/spanish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5622"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}