{"id":34,"date":"2008-07-26T11:44:32","date_gmt":"2008-07-26T15:44:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/swedish\/?p=34"},"modified":"2008-07-26T11:44:32","modified_gmt":"2008-07-26T15:44:32","slug":"plural-ett-words","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/swedish\/plural-ett-words\/","title":{"rendered":"Plural Ett Words"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>I have a foreign neighbor who reads this blog (<em>hi neighbor!<\/em>), and I think it\u2019s very convenient that she does. She\u2019s right under my nose, she\u2019s learning Swedish, speaks passable English and is not afraid to ask questions. So I wasn\u2019t surprised when she spied me out while I was taking my cats out for a walk (yes, you can put your cat in a special harness with a leash and take it for a stroll outside, it\u2019s quite common in Sweden) and came over to ask questions. And since she\u2019s allergic to cats, I knew this had to be serious.<\/p>\n<p>Our conversation went more or less like this:<br \/>\nNeighbor: <em>\u201cYou wrote that \u201c<strong>bl\u00e5b\u00e4r<\/strong>\u201d is an \u201c<strong>ett<\/strong>\u201d word, so then where does \u201c<strong>bl\u00e5b\u00e4ren<\/strong>\u201d come from? Huh?\u201d<\/em><br \/>\nAnd she looked at me expectantly.<br \/>\nAnna: <em>\u201cUhmm\u2026 It\u2019s like with \u201c<strong>barnet<\/strong>\u201d and \u201c<strong>barnen<\/strong>\u201d, one is definite singular and the other \u2013 definite plural.\u201d<\/em><br \/>\nNeighbor: <em>\u201cElucidate, please.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>I started to explain that some plural forms, indefinite plural forms that is, look exactly like singular indefinite forms, and that those plural forms can also be made definite by attaching different endings, but she abruptly interrupted me by saying:<br \/>\n<em>\u201cOn your blog.\u201d<\/em> And disappeared.<\/p>\n<p>So here it is. We\u2019ll be talking about grammar today, and all complaints about the topic can be directed to my neighbor.<\/p>\n<p>I think I should begin by explaining how you can turn a singular noun into a plural noun, but that is such a mind-numbingly boring topic that you\u2019d be snoring five words into it. So instead, why don\u2019t we limit ourselves to \u201c<strong>ett<\/strong>\u201d words only? For now, of course.<\/p>\n<p>\u201c<strong>Ett<\/strong>\u201d words in their plural forms can look somewhat confusing to people who are learning Swedish, but in reality the rules are very simple.<\/p>\n<p>1.    \u201c<strong>Ett<\/strong>\u201d words that end in a vowel in their singular form, take the ending \u201c<strong>n<\/strong>\u201d in the plural (indefinite), like this:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>ett \u00e4pple<\/strong> (an apple) \u2192 <strong>\u00e4pplen<\/strong> (apples)<\/li>\n<li><strong>ett konto<\/strong> (an account) \u2192 <strong>konton<\/strong> (accounts)<\/li>\n<li><strong>ett frim\u00e4rke<\/strong> (a postage stamp) \u2192 <strong>frim\u00e4rken<\/strong> (stamps)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>So you see all these supposedly \u201c<strong>ett<\/strong>\u201d words and think: <em>\u201chmmm\u2026 they end with an \u201c<strong>n<\/strong>\u201d now, they must be plural.\u201d<\/em> And you\u2019re right.<\/p>\n<p>2.    \u201c<strong>Ett<\/strong>\u201d words that end in a consonant don\u2019t take any ending in the plural (indefinite) at all.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>ett barn<\/strong> (a child) \u2192 <strong>barn<\/strong> (children)<\/li>\n<li><strong>ett \u00e5r<\/strong> (a year) \u2192 <strong>\u00e5r<\/strong> (years)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Or like the poor blueberry from the last post:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>ett bl\u00e5b\u00e4r<\/strong> (a blueberry) \u2192 <strong>bl\u00e5b\u00e4r<\/strong> (blueberries)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>So that\u2019s how you make the plural of \u201c<strong>ett<\/strong>\u201d words. We\u2019ll talk about \u201c<strong>en<\/strong>\u201d words some other time.<\/p>\n<p>Where things can get funky is when you attempt to make definite forms of those \u201c<strong>ett<\/strong>\u201d plural nouns. And you do it by attaching an appropriate ending at the end.<\/p>\n<p>1.    For the \u201c<strong>ett<\/strong>\u201d words in the first category above, you do it by tacking an \u201c<strong>a<\/strong>\u201d at the end, like this:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u00e4pplen<\/strong> (apples) \u2192 <strong>\u00e4pplena<\/strong> (the apples)<\/li>\n<li><strong>konton<\/strong> (accounts) \u2192 <strong>kontona<\/strong> (the accounts)<\/li>\n<li><strong>frim\u00e4rken<\/strong> (stamps) \u2192 <strong>frim\u00e4rkena<\/strong> (the stamps)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>2.    And for the \u201c<strong>ett<\/strong>\u201d words in the second category, to make the definite plural form you attach an \u201c<strong>en<\/strong>\u201d at the end. <em>(Yes, I know it\u2019s kind of dumb, but I didn\u2019t come up with this rule, trust me, if I had a chance, I\u2019d make it MUCH simpler and less confusing)<\/em>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>barn<\/strong> (children) \u2192 <strong>barnen<\/strong> (the children)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00e5r<\/strong> \u2192 <strong>\u00e5ren<\/strong> (the years)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>And our favorite fruit:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>bl\u00e5b\u00e4r<\/strong> (blueberries) \u2192 <strong>bl\u00e5b\u00e4ren<\/strong> (the blueberries)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>So now when you\u2019ll see an \u201c<strong>ett<\/strong>\u201d word with an \u201c<strong>en<\/strong>\u201d ending, you will know it means something in plural in its definite form.<\/p>\n<p>Now, somebody asked for a Swedish grammar book in English, and I polled my resident foreigners, and <strong>\u201cM\u00e5l : svenska som fr\u00e4mmande spr\u00e5k. A concise Swedish grammar = Svensk grammatik p\u00e5 engelska\u201d<\/strong> was voted as the best choice. It\u2019s published by <strong>Natur och Kultur<\/strong> and it\u2019s been translated into every possible language, from Somali to Russian.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/swedish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2008\/07\/book.jpg\" aria-label=\"Book\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-35\"  alt=\"\" width=\"82\" height=\"82\" \/ src=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/swedish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2008\/07\/book.jpg\"><\/a>The English language version has a red cover (other languages have different colors) and it\u2019s been recently re-issued. When purchasing it in Sweden expect to pay anywhere from 219 to 280 SEK. And of course I can\u2019t find even one cover shot on the internet (other than this microscopic one) to show you what it looks like. I did find it at my local bookstore, but they wouldn\u2019t let me take a picture. Apparently, when compared to other grammar books, this one is superior due to its simple language and straightforward explanations. I found two ISBNs for it:<br \/>\nISBN10: 912750252X<br \/>\nISBN13: 9789127502529<\/p>\n<p>Of course if anyone has other suggestions, please let us know!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<img width=\"82\" height=\"82\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/swedish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2008\/07\/book.jpg\" class=\"attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><p>I have a foreign neighbor who reads this blog (hi neighbor!), and I think it\u2019s very convenient that she does. She\u2019s right under my nose, she\u2019s learning Swedish, speaks passable English and is not afraid to ask questions. So I wasn\u2019t surprised when she spied me out while I was taking my cats out for&hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"post-item__readmore\"><a class=\"btn btn--md\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/swedish\/plural-ett-words\/\">Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":35,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[3152,3171,3174,364864,3232,3007,3349,3404],"class_list":["post-34","post","type-post","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-grammar","tag-definite","tag-en","tag-ett","tag-grammar","tag-indefinite","tag-noun","tag-plural","tag-singular"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/swedish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/swedish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/swedish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/swedish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/swedish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=34"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/swedish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/swedish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/35"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/swedish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/swedish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=34"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/swedish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=34"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}