<\/p>\n
In English, we differentiate between “must” and “have to”. “Must” is generally considered more formal and authoritative, whereas “have to” may be interpreted more colloquial and less hard.<\/p>\n
Swedish, on the other hand, uses m\u00e5ste<\/em> in all contexts. For Swedes, it’s just an ordinary, statusless modal verb. M\u00e5ste<\/em> used in the same way as “must” or “have to” in English<\/strong>:<\/p>\n Jag m\u00e5ste<\/strong> skynda mig! Du m\u00e5ste<\/strong> l\u00e4mna in din nyckel senast den f\u00f6rsta februari.<\/em> Negatives:<\/span>\u00a0 In the negative, m\u00e5ste inte<\/em> does not mean “must not” \u2013 it means “do\/does not have to”<\/strong>:<\/p>\n Du m\u00e5ste inte<\/strong> \u00e5ka om du inte vill. Medborgare uppmanas att l\u00e4mna information till polisen, men de m\u00e5ste inte<\/strong>.<\/em> Past tense:<\/span>\u00a0 Technically, m\u00e5ste<\/em> has a past form, which is also m\u00e5ste<\/em> \u2013 but in modern Swedish, it is more common to use blev tvungen<\/em><\/strong> as the past form of<\/strong> m\u00e5ste<\/em><\/strong>. Tvungen<\/em> is an outdated past participle form of att tvinga<\/em> “to force” which has survived in blev tvungen<\/em>.\u00b9 Tvungen<\/em> is declined (i.e., its form is changed) based on gender and number of the subject “having to” do something:<\/p>\n Jag blev tvungen<\/strong> att skynda mig.<\/em> Barnet blev tvunget<\/strong> att \u00e4ta sina gr\u00f6nsaker trots allt.<\/em> Blev<\/em><\/strong> ni tvungna<\/strong> att betala fullt pris?<\/em> Tvungen<\/em>, tvunget<\/em> and tvungna<\/em> are the only three forms of tvungen<\/em> \u2013 tvungna<\/em> is plural for both en<\/em>-words and ett<\/em>-words.<\/p>\n (\u00b9Note: The modern past participle form of att tvinga<\/em> “to force” is tvingad<\/em>\/tvingat<\/em>\/tvingade<\/em>. If you say Jag blev tvingad<\/em>, the meaning is “I was forced (to)”.)<\/p>\n “Have had to” and “had had to”:<\/span>\u00a0 Finally, the perfect forms of m\u00e5ste<\/em> are har<\/em>\/hade<\/em> blivit tvungen<\/em><\/strong>:<\/p>\n Vi har<\/strong> tidigare blivit tvungna<\/strong> att visa upp leg.<\/em> Han hade inte blivit tvungen<\/strong> att posta den.<\/em> Simple enough! Have fun \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" In English, we differentiate between “must” and “have to”. “Must” is generally considered more formal and authoritative, whereas “have to” may be interpreted more colloquial and less hard. Swedish, on the other hand, uses m\u00e5ste in all contexts. For Swedes, it’s just an ordinary, statusless modal verb. M\u00e5ste used in the same way as…<\/p>\n
\n<\/em>I have to<\/strong> hurry!<\/p>\n
\nOne must<\/strong> hand in your key on the first of February at the latest.<\/p>\n
\n<\/em>You don’t have to<\/strong> go if you don’t want to.<\/p>\n
\nCitizens are requested to leave information to the police, but they aren’t required to<\/strong>.<\/p>\n
\nI had to<\/strong> hurry.<\/p>\n
\nThe child had to<\/strong> eat her vegetables despite everything.<\/p>\n
\nDid<\/strong> you guys have to<\/strong> pay full price?<\/p>\n
\nWe have<\/strong> earlier had to<\/strong> present ID.<\/p>\n
\nHe hadn’t had to<\/strong> send it by post.<\/p>\n