{"id":955,"date":"2011-11-18T04:50:42","date_gmt":"2011-11-18T04:50:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/thai\/?p=955"},"modified":"2011-12-04T14:53:33","modified_gmt":"2011-12-04T14:53:33","slug":"thai-punctuation-marks-other-characters-part-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/thai\/thai-punctuation-marks-other-characters-part-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Thai Punctuation Marks &amp; Other Characters, Part 2"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>There are plenty more punctuation marks in the Thai language. In part 2 we continue with more.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0e46<\/strong><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>\u0e44\u0e21\u0e49\u0e22\u0e21\u0e01\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>mai4 ya4 mok4<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This is called the repetition character. When you see it, it means to repeat the word before it one more time. When used for verbs, it changes the meaning. When used for nouns, it makes it plural. When used for adjectives, it strengthens the meaning.<\/p>\n<p>Examples:<\/p>\n<p>\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e46\u0e21\u0e32\u0e46\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 bpai1 bpai1 maa1 maa1\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 eventually<\/p>\n<p>\u0e40\u0e14\u0e47\u0e01\u0e46\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 dek1 dek1\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 children<\/p>\n<p>\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e46\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 rawn4 rawn4\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 very hot<\/p>\n<p>Sometimes you need to repeat the last two words, not just the last word. There is no rule I\u2019m aware of, just sometimes it only makes sense if you repeat both. For example:<\/p>\n<p>\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27\u0e46\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 bpai1 laew4 bpai1 laew4\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Let\u2019s go!<\/p>\n<p>In informal situations, you can also use it to playfully emphasize something. In this case you aren\u2019t expected to say the same word 20 times, for example:<\/p>\n<p>\u0e2b\u0e34\u0e27\u0e46\u0e46\u0e46\u0e46\u0e46\u0e46\u0e46\u0e46\u0e46\u0e46\u0e46\u0e46\u0e46\u00a0 hewwwwwww5\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 I\u2019m really freakin\u2019 hungry!<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0e2f<\/strong><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e22\u0e32\u0e25\u0e19\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e22<\/strong><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 bpai1 yaan1 noi4<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This is called the abbreviation character. In English, you\u2019d simply use a \u2018.\u2019 to abbrev. a word. In Thai, you use this only for certain abbreviations, when the first syllable or two is already spelled out. A perfect example would be the name of Bangkok:<\/p>\n<p>\u0e01\u0e23\u0e38\u0e07\u0e40\u0e17\u0e1e\u0e2f<\/p>\n<p>You should not use it for abbreviations that only involve one or two letters, for example the names of the months or of organizations. In those cases you\u2019d use the \u2018.\u2019.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0e2f\u0e25\u0e2f\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0e44\u0e1b\u0e22\u0e32\u0e25\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e0d\u0e48<\/strong><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 bpai1 yaan1 yai2<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The previous abbreviation mark was called the \u2018small bpaiyaan\u2019. This one is called the \u2018big bpaiyaan\u2019. You would use it just like you\u2019d use \u2018etc.\u2019 in English. For example, a list of fruits can be written as:<\/p>\n<p>\u0e01\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22 \u0e41\u0e2d\u0e1b\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e34\u0e49\u0e25 \u0e2a\u0e49\u0e21 \u0e2f\u0e25\u0e2f\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 banana, apple, orange, etc.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>?\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e28\u0e19\u0e35\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 brat2 sa2 nee1\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 optional: \u0e40\u0e04\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e33\u0e16\u0e32\u0e21\u00a0\u00a0 krueng3maai5 kam1 taam5<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The question mark is used in Thai just like it is in English.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0e21\u0e2b\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e20\u0e32\u0e04\u00a0\u00a0 ma4hap2paak3 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 optional:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0e08\u0e38\u0e14\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 jud2<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This is a period, but should only be used for abbreviations or as a decimal such as in English.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>With any language you do not just have the consonants and vowels to memorize, but you also have the punctuation marks (krueng3mai5 wak4 dtawn1 \u0e40\u0e04\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e15\u0e2d\u0e19) as well. Thankfully, Thai borrows most of its punctuation marks from English. But even though most are the same, the Thai names of each still need to be memorized.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":59,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[10208,10341],"tags":[94590,10177],"class_list":["post-955","post","type-post","status-publish","hentry","category-beginner","category-intermediate","tag-punctuation-mark","tag-thai"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/thai\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/955","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/thai\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/thai\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/thai\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/59"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/thai\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=955"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/thai\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/955\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1008,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/thai\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/955\/revisions\/1008"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/thai\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=955"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/thai\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=955"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/thai\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=955"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}