In a sentence like this, “I eat rice with a spoon”, “spoon” would be written in the instrumental case in Hindi. This is because the spoon is used as an “instrument” to eat the rice. In English, the instrumental case can be indicated by using words like, “by” or “with”. Let’s take a look at a couple of examples:

वे चम्मच से चावल खाते हैं (They eat rice with a spoon)

मैं कलम से लिखता हूँ (I write with a pen)

Notice that with these sentences से is used when something is used as an instrument.

Now let’s take a look at some other sentences:

बच्चा माँ के साथ है (The baby is with the mother)

वे दाल के साथ चावल खाते हैं (They eat rice with daal)

With these two sentences, के साथ is used in the sense of “together” or “along”. In other words, in English the sentences could be said as, “The baby is together with the mother” or “They eat rice together with the daal” or “They eat rice along with the daal”.

Now let’s take at the last set of sentences:

मेरे पास पैसे नहीं हैं (I have no money with me)

बच्चा माँ के पास है (The baby is with his mother)

In this group, के पास and रे पास are used in the sense of “close”, “near”, or “have”. So the sentences can be interpreted as, ” The baby is close/near his mother”.