Alankar (Figure of Speech) Posted by Nitin Kumar on Mar 27, 2011 in Hindi Language
Today, I would like to talk about an interesting topic in Hindi grammar.
अलंकार (Alankaar) is a figure of speech which means ornaments or adornments. Just like the women use ornaments to enhance her beauty, Alankar in Hindi language are used essentially to enhance the beauty of a poem.
Alankar are broadly classified into two groups, these are:
1. शब्दालंकार (Shabdalankar, it came from two word Shabdh (Word) + Alankar (Ornaments)) – Certain specific words that create an ornamental effect in a verse/poem.
2. अर्थालंकार (Arthalankar it came from two word Artha (Meaning) + Alankar (Ornaments)) – The meaning of words that creates the required enhancement.
Most common शब्दालंकार (Shabdalankar) that you might find in the Hindi poetry are:
1. अनुप्रास (Anupras) (Alliteration) – When a consonant word repeats serially more than once.
Example: घेर घेर घोर गगन।. Here, “घ ” is repeated three times.
2. यमक (Yamak) (Homonym) – when same word repeats more than once but each time its meaning is different.
Example: सजना है मुझे सजना के लिए। Here, “सजना” means to make up/lover.
3. श्लेष (Shlesh) (Pun) – when a word is used once but it gives more than one meaning.
Example: मधुबन की छाती को देखो, सूखी इसकी कितनी कलियाँ। Here, “कलियाँ” means the flower that is not fully blossomed/Young children. Poet wants to describe a scene where a “मधुबन” (garden) is lacking, both in blossoming flowers and young children.
Most common अर्थालंकार (Arthalankar) that you might find in the Hindi poetry are:
1. उपमा (Upma) (Simile) – when a person or thing is compared in words with a similar but famous/well known person or thing.
Example: ताज महल सा घर। House like the Taj Mahal. Here, “घर” (house) is compared with a building which is famous for its beauty.
2. रूपक (Rupak) (Metaphor) – when a word is used for something to which it is not literally applicable in order to suggest a resemblance.
Example: पायो जी मैंने राम-रतन धन पायो। Here, “राम” (Ram, Hindu god) is suggested metaphorically as “रतन” (precious stones) and “धन” (money) .
3. अतिश्योक्ति (Atishyokti) (Hyperbole) – when a word is used of exaggerate something or someone, to evoke a strong feelings or to create a strong impression.
Example: दिल बादल बने, आँखें बहेने लगी। Here, “दिल” (heart) is exaggerated to “बादल” (cloud). The dramatic effect of this exaggeration would be, आँखें (eyes) that can tear as rain because the heart has turned into clouds (in pain).
Build vocabulary, practice pronunciation, and more with Transparent Language Online. Available anytime, anywhere, on any device.
Comments:
Vardhman Sidhu:
Wow!!!!!!!!! nice1 bro this is amazing.
maya:
G8……. Its really amazing….
Anonymous:
Really good and simple explanation! Continue this forever. May Krishna Bless You!
ayah:
Thanks so much! This is very helpful to Hindi learners 🙂
Sandy:
amazing…..
I like it….
sumiran sharan:
very good bhai
ThAnK yOu
Abhishek jha:
Explained very well in brief….
Comparing with english terms makes it easy to understand…
sonam:
Simply fab….!!loved it !!♡
archit:
very easy and simple examples
Abhishek:
Great job man!!
U made our job really easy.
thank u….
ankit balodia:
Nice bro…
Yash:
Wow. Really simple and understandable explanation! Great work:D thanks a lot!
ayush:
very fine explanation !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
sunil gupta:
nice work done nitin. i appreciate your efforts…& very much fond of your love with languages. i also like to know more about the languages.presently working in indian railways. lived in many parts of india…..i can understand various local indian languages……good luck
Aniket:
really gud will help me in exams. thnx!!!
Amaya patel:
Really nice I like it
Amaya patel:
Very easy to lean and it help in exam
Shobhit:
Awsm…bro it really helped me!!!
JIYA:
WOW IT IS JZT AWSM BCZ IT HAD CLAR MY PROMBLEN THNKS A LOT
Rhitwik:
Thanx for ur help….
Kartik:
Helped me with examples
Arun:
Great work, plz add more examples to clearify more 🙂
9128794035:
wow!! it’s simply fantastic…. keep it up!!
arohi:
really simple , i racked my brains for hours and i finally read this and understood it well. keep it up bro
Ashita:
Its really simple and nice. Thanks for your explanation. Good work.
anju:
it is also helpful for English learns
shristhi:
I loved it…simply awsme..I was cnfused when tought in my class but now i m gonna gt full mrks…
THANKS A LOT
Swasti:
oh..wow…yes…whatever i have no words to say it was so much helpful to me especially a day before of my xam. <3 <3 love this page and again thank u a lot :}
Amaya:
Again thankx .very easy to learn and understanding 🙂
Drishti:
Superb bro thanks for your help
bikram:
i really like it
dipali sonpure:
`Jal jayega pasha purana’
Pankti me alankar he
Lavanya:
Can you tell me anything about utpreksha alankar? Pls its important.
RK:
Concise,compact,lucid and awesome explanation of Alankar, thank you very much for such an awesome blog.
GIRISUTA:
thank u soooooooo very much !!!!!! it immensely helped me in exams!
Roti:
Thanks you
You r very cunning
Lipi:
Thank you so much for this; it really helped with my Hindi assignment. Know that you are responsible partly for my wonderful GPA 🙂
Anonymous:
Wow! Thanks, it really helped me study for my test!!!
King S.P.B:
Superb explanations
Ayla Joseph:
Well done man.. just amazing…
candy:
It’s realy helpfull.. thanx a lot##
Anonymous:
THANKU SOOOOOO MUCH ! love this page ! I have my hindi exams tomorrow and I had no frikin idea wat alankar was….. the english explanation makes it bettr that the other websites cuz this is soo easy to understand the basic concept !
THANKFULLY,
Anonymous American-Indian from Washington DC, U.S.
Anunay:
Cool love it
Shreyas:
Nice one.. Due to these examples I got A1 in grammar… Hats off to u n ur simple examples.
shantanu tyagi:
awesome work thx.
vignesh:
good bro amazing helped in hindi exam
harsha vardhan:
fab bro i say its fab
Bhupendra:
it’s nice keep it up.
jitender:
Ise kehte hai seedhe bat no bakwas. Nice
Anubhav:
Nice very helpful go hindi learners