Primary Suffix in Hindi Posted by Nitin Kumar on Jul 23, 2012 in Hindi Language
Suffix (प्रत्यय – Pratyaya) are very important elements of Hindi grammar. Many Hindi words can be created using suitable suffix. The majority of Hindi words are created by the combination of a nouns or word derived from verbs and suffix.
For example, the word “खिलौना” (Khilona – Toy) is a combination of noun “खेल” (Khel – Play/Game/Match) and suffix “औना” (aana). As you can see, an interesting noun came into existence when a noun and suffix is combined.
In this post, I would like to discuss the primary suffix in Hindi. These are called कृत प्रत्यय (Krit Pratyaya) in Hindi. These suffix when added to a root of the word, forms a noun or adjective.
There are 5 different kinds of primary suffix in Hindi. These are:
1. कृत्तवाचक कृत प्रत्यय (Karttavaachak) – Subject Suffix
These suffix indicates the subject of the verb.
| Suffix | Word Root | Example Word |
| अक्कड़ (akkad) | भूल (bhul) | भुलक्कड़ (Bhulakkad – one who forgets) |
| ऊ (u) | कमा (kamaa) | कमाऊ (Kamaau – one who earns) |
| इया (iyaa) | घट (ghat) | घटिया (Ghatiya – Bad) |
| वाला (vaala) | पड़ (pad) | पड़नेवाला (Padnevaala – one who reads) |
| आऊ (aau) | टिक (tikau) | टिकाऊ (Tikaau – Durable) |
| हार (haar) | होना (hona) | होनहार (Honhaar – Promising) |
| दार (daar) | लेन (len) | लेनदार (Lendar – Creditor) |
| आलु (aalu) | दया (Daya – Mercy) | दयालु (Dayaalu – Kind) |
2. कर्मवाचक (Karmavaachak) कृत प्रत्यय – Objective Suffix
These suffix indicates the object of the verb.
| Suffix | Word Root | Example Word |
| औना (aauna) | खेल (Khel – Game) | खिलौना (Khilauna – Toy) |
| नी (ni) | चट (chat) | चटनी (Chatani – Sauce) |
| ना (na) | खा (kha) | खाना (Khaana – Food, verb. to eat) |
3. भाववाचक (Bhaavavaachak) कृत प्रत्यय – Abstract Suffix
These suffix forms abstract nouns.
| Suffix | Word Root | Example Word |
| आन (aan) | उड़ (ud) | उड़ान (Udaan) |
| आई (aai) | लिख (likh) | लिखाई (Likhai – Writing) |
| इया (iyaa) | सज (saj) | सजावट (Sajaavat – Decoration) |
| ई (ee) | बोल (Bol) | बोली (Boli – Language) |
| आहट (aahat) | घबरा (Ghabra) | घबराट (Ghabraat – Nervousness) |
| आव (aav) | बह (bah) | बहाव (Bahaav – Flow) |
| औती (aauti) | कट (kat) | कटौती (Katauti – Deduction) |
4. करणवाचक (Karanavaachak) कृत प्रत्यय – Instrument Suffix
These suffix indicates the instrument with which the action has been done.
| Suffix | Word Root | Example Word |
| ई (ee) | खेत (Khet) | खेती (Kheti – Farming) |
| ना (naa) | ढक (Dhak) | ढकना (Dhakna – verb. to cover) |
5. संस्कृत प्रत्यय – Suffix from Sanskrit
As the name suggest, these suffix are from Sanskrit.
| Suffix | Word Root | Example Word |
| य (ya) | पे (Pe) | पेय (Peya – Drink) |
| व्य (vya) | श्रे(Sre) | श्रेय (Sheya – Credit) |
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About the Author: Nitin Kumar
Nitin Kumar is a native Hindi speaker from New Delhi, India. His education qualification include Masters in Robotics and Bachelors in Mechanical Engineering. Currently, he is working in the Research and Development in Robotics in Germany. He is avid language learner with varied level of proficiency in English, German, Spanish, and Japanese. He wish to learn French one day. His passion for languages motivated him to share his mother tongue, Hindi, and culture and traditions associated with its speakers. He has been working with Transparent Language since 2010 and has written over 430 blogs on various topics on Hindi language and India, its culture and traditions. He is also the Administrator for Hindi Facebook page which has a community of over 330,000 members.
Comments:
yash:
Very help full
Prasanna:
It was good to see ur profile information. I also have same ambition which u already achieved now. Please guide me if possible.
sudarshan:
gambhirta sabd hindi grammer ki dristi se kya hai?
1. noun 2. verb 3. pronoun 4 adjective. please answer me
Nitin Kumar:
@sudarshan @sudarshan: Gambhirta (seriousness) is a noun and gambhir (serious) is an adjective.
Hope this helps!
pranav:
So much helpfull for student
pranav:
So much helpfull for all
Kamlesh:
Surakshit ka pratyay …kripya bataien please
Sweety Johar:
Pls Some body tell me hindiwords with pratyaya aak and va
rohan:
Helpful but need more example
swaroop:
what is mulshabd and pratyay of chachere