Suffixes in Hindi Posted by Nitin Kumar on Apr 27, 2011 in Hindi Language
After the topic on prefixes, how about the topic on suffixes? 🙂
Suffix (प्रत्यय) is the affix that is attached after the stem of a word. In this way, a new word is formed. Just like our previous topic on Prefix, there is also a creation of new word. But what to and how to add these suffixes to form new words? Lets explore the topic in more detail.
This topic is bigger so as to make it easier to assimilate, I have decided to make two part of it. Romanised spelling are given for suffixes and root. Meanings are given for example words.
Suffixes are of two major types :
1. Suffixes for conjugation of verbs (कृत प्रत्यय – Kr̤ita Pratyy)
These suffix comes after the root of a verb. Those word that are made of suffixes are called कृदंत (कृत (verb, action) +अंत (ending)) , in English it is Participle.
These suffixes are further divided into two groups.
A) Suffixes from Hindi : These suffixes from Hindi are of 3 types.
a) Suffixes that make Abstract nouns (भाववाचक संज्ञा)
| Suffix | Root | Root+ Suffix = Example Words (कृदंत) |
| आई (aayi) | पढ़ (pad), लिख (likh) | पढाई (reading), लिखाई (writing) |
| आन (aan) | थक (thak), मिल (mil) | थकन (tiredness), मिलन (union) |
| आव (aav) | बह (bah), रिस (ris) | बहाव (flow), रिसाव (leakage) |
b) Suffixes that determine the subject or make adjectives (विशेषण)
| Suffix | Root | Root+ Suffix = Example Words (कृदंत) |
| आड़ी (aadi) | खेल (khel), आगे (aage) | खिलाडी (player), अगाड़ी (someone who is ahead in something) |
| इया (iya) | बढ (bad), घट (ghat) | बढ़िया (good), घटिया (bad) |
| ऊ (uh) | चल (chal), डाका (dhaka) | चालू (running, active), डाकू (bandit) |
c) Suffixes that make Instrumental case (कारनवाचक) of the noun (संज्ञा)
| Suffix | Root | Root+ Suffix = Example Words (कृदंत) |
| आ (aa) | भूल (bhul), घेर (gher) | भूला (lost), घेरा (surrounded) |
| न (na) | बंध(bandh), झाड़ (jhandh) | बंधन (bond), झाडन (duster) |
| ऊ (uh) | झाड़ (jhandh) | झाड़ू (broom) |
B) Suffixes from Sanskrit : These suffixes from Sanskrit are of 3 types.
a) Suffixes that make Abstract nouns (भाववाचक संज्ञा)
| Suffix | Root | Root+ Suffix = Example Words (कृदंत) |
| अन (an) | दा (da), गम (gam) | दान (donation), गमन (departure) |
| आ (aa) | रच (rach) , विद् (vidh) | रचना (creation), वेदना (anguish) |
| ति(ti) | भक्त (bhakt) | भक्ति (devotion) |
b) Suffixes that make the Nominative case (करतावाचक) of the noun (संज्ञा)
| Suffix | Root | Root+ Suffix = Example Words (कृदंत) |
| अन (an) | मोह (moh) | मोहन (captivating) |
| अकः (akh) | लिख (likh, कृ (krit) | लेखक (writer), कृषिक (farmer) |
| इ(i) | लुभ (lubh), त्यज (tyajh) | लोभी (greedy), त्यागी (solitaire) |
c) Suffixes that make adjectives (विशेषण)
| Suffix | Root | Root+ Suffix = Example Words (कृदंत) |
| अनीय (aniye) | स्म (sma), निंद (nind) | स्मरणीय (memorable), निंदनीय (cruel) |
| य (ya) | पा (pa), दा (da) | पेय (drink), देय (payable) |
| आलु (aalu) | कृप (kyrp) | कृपालु (kind) |
I will cover the second group, suffixes used in Declination (तद्धित प्रत्यय) in our next grammar lesson.
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About the Author: Nitin Kumar
Nitin Kumar is a native Hindi speaker from New Delhi, India. His education qualification include Masters in Robotics and Bachelors in Mechanical Engineering. Currently, he is working in the Research and Development in Robotics in Germany. He is avid language learner with varied level of proficiency in English, German, Spanish, and Japanese. He wish to learn French one day. His passion for languages motivated him to share his mother tongue, Hindi, and culture and traditions associated with its speakers. He has been working with Transparent Language since 2010 and has written over 430 blogs on various topics on Hindi language and India, its culture and traditions. He is also the Administrator for Hindi Facebook page which has a community of over 330,000 members.
Comments:
sanjana:
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