How to use punctuation signs in Spanish (I) Posted by Adir on Jul 16, 2012 in Spanish Grammar
Today we are going to start a series of posts about how to use punctuation signs in Spanish.
1. El punto [period]
There are three kinds of specific puntos in Spanish:
[1] – punto y seguido = indicates a separation between clauses that are related
[2] – punto y aparte = shows the end of the topic and the beginning of a new one
[3] – punto final = indicates the end of a topic
Here’s an example in this extract.
Doce países (con más de 340 millones de ciudadanos) forman la Comunidad Europea [1]. Estos son: La República Federal de Alemania, Francia, Italia, Gran Bretaña, Bélgica, Los Países Bajos, Dinamarca, Irlanda, Grecia, Luxemburgo, Portugal y España [2].
Desde principios de 1993 existe la libre circulación de mercancías, personas, servicios y capital entre los países miembros de la Comunidad. [3]
2. Los puntos suspensivos [ellipsis]
Los puntos suspensivos usually have the following functions:
a. Indicate interruption of thought or hesitation, incertidumbre.
– Mañana irás a… ¡Me he olvidado lo que quería decir! [Tomorrow you will go to… I’ve forgotten what I wanted to say!]
No sé si debo comprar el coche. Es muy bueno, pero… [I don’t know if I should buy the car. It’s very good, but…]
b. Show the interruption of a character in a dialogue by another character.
– Si quieres tener buena salud, debes… [If you want to have good health, you must…]
– ¡Te empeñas en decirme lo que debo hacer! [You keep telling me what to do!]
c. Reinforce the idea of an irony.
¡Qué burro! La racionalidad no era su fuerte… [How stupid! Rationality isn’t his strong point…]
d. Suggest the continuation of an idea or fact.
Nadie… ningún ruido… todo a oscuras… [Nobody… no noise… everything dark…]
Y la vida pasa… [And life passes by…]
e. Show that a part of an original text has been deleted.
“Doce países … forman la Comunidad Europea.” [Twelve countries … make up the European Community.]
3. La coma [the comma]
La coma is used:
a. before mas, pero [but], aunque [although, though].
No faltaré a la fiesta, aunque estoy malo. [I won’t miss the party, even though I’m ill.]
Estoy malo, pero no faltaré a la fiesta. [I’m ill, but I won’t miss the party.]
b. to separate non-defining clauses.
Este señor, que es muy rico, ha comprado una casa. [This man, who’s very rich, has bought a house.]
c. Before and after en efecto [actually], finalmente [finally], es decir [that is], esto es [that is], por consiguiente [therefore], en fin [finally].
He conseguido, finalmente acabar de escribir la carta. [I have finally managed to finish writing the letter.]
Él vive en la capital de España, esto es, Madrid. [He lives in the capital of Spain, that is, Madrid.]
d. With numbers.
Compré sellos, sobres, papel de carta y una goma. [I bought stamps, envelopes, letter paper and some glue.]
e. When you modifiy the common order of a sentence structure.
Me quedé sorprendida con lo que me dijiste. [I was surprised with what you told me.]
Con lo que me dijiste, me quedé sorprendida. [With what you said, I was surprised.]
f. Before or after vocatives.
Niños, la comida está lista. [Kids, food’s ready.]
Ven aquí, José. [Come here, José.]
Adapted from Español sin Fronteras (vol. 3)
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