Use of the Greek articles Posted by Ourania on Jan 27, 2016 in Grammar, Quizzes
One of the challenges beginners and intermediate students face is the right use of the definite and the indefinite articles. When it comes to articles, Greek is very particular. For example, the definite article is always used with people names, in the nominative, genitive and accusative cases: ο Πέτρος. / Το βιβλίο του Πέτρου. / Μιλάω με τον Πέτρο.
In this post there are no rules about the use of the articles, there are just some examples of how their presence or their omission change the meaning of the sentence.
1a Δεν τρώω τυρί. I don’t eat cheese.
1b Δεν τρώω το τυρί. I don’t eat the cheese: in this case, your interlocutor expects you to tell them more about the cheese. Example: Δεν τρώω το τυρί που είναι στο ψυγείο. I am not eating the cheese that was in the fridge.
2a Θέλω καφέ. I want coffee.
2b Θέλω τον καφέ. I want the coffee. The presence of the article τον makes the noun specific. Example: Θέλω τον καφέ που είναι πάνω στο τραπέζι. I want the coffee that is on the table.
3a Βλέπω τηλεόραση. I am watching television.
3b Βλέπω την τηλεόραση. I am seeing (looking at ) the television.
4a Παίζω κιθάρα. I play guitar.
4b Παίζω την κιθάρα. In this phrase, the noun κιθάρα is specific. Παίζω την κιθάρα που μου έκανες δώρο. I am playing the guitar that you gave me as a present.
5a Ο Πέτρος είναι γιατρός. Petros is a doctor. In the Greek sentence, the indefinite article has been omitted. When we state someone’s profession, the article is always omitted. Example: H Έλλη είναι μία σερβιτόρα. Ellie is a waitress. / Η Μαριάνα είναι μία δικηγόρος. Mariana is a lawyer.
5b Ο Πέτρος είναι ένας γιατρός. This sentence is incomplete and more information is needed. Example: Ο Πέτρος είναι ένας γιατρός που ξέρει καλά τη δουλειά του. Petros is a doctor who knows well his job.
6a Πήγαμε στο νησί με αεροπλάνο / με το αεροπλάνο. We went to the island by plane (lit.).
6b Πήγαμε στο νησί με ένα αεροπλάνο. We went to the island by a plane. As in 5b, this sentence in incomplete. Example: Πήγαμε στο νησί με ένα αεροπλάνο που ήταν πολύ παλιό. We went to the island with a plane that was very old (lit).
If you feel that you need to practice, you can do the following exercise. Fill in the blanks with the right article or with X if no article is needed.
Άσκηση
Ο Κώστας σπουδάζει _____ γιατρός.
Θέλω _____ ποτήρι νερό, παρακαλώ.
Θέλεις να παίξουμε _____ τένις;
Το πρωί μίλησα με _____ κυρία Αλίκη.
Ο Παύλος και η Αλίκη είναι χορτοφάγοι. Δεν τρώνε ποτέ _____ κρέας.
Γιατί δεν έφαγες _____ κρέας που μαγείρεψα;
Ο Αντρέας είναι _____ μουσικός. Παίζει _____ πιάνο.
Check your answers here: articles_answer key
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About the Author: Ourania
Ourania lives in Athens. She holds a degree in French Literature and a Master’s degree in Special Education for Children. Since 2008, she has been teaching Greek to foreigners.