Adjunct of frequency in Indonesian Posted by asimonoff on Jan 29, 2018 in Uncategorized
| sekali-sekali | once in a while, now and then, occasionally |
| berkali-kali, berulang kali, berulang-ulang | repeatedly |
| pernah | literally means “ever” and is used in a positive statement that means “once (in the past)” |
| tidak pernah | used in a negative statement means “never or not ever” |
| hampir tidak pernah | hardly ever, rarely |
| jarang | seldom |
| kadang-kadang, kadang kala | sometimes |
| sering, sering kali, kerap, kerap kali, acap kali | frequently, often |
| selalu, senantiasa | always |
| biasanya | usually, normally |
| umumnya | generally |
| setiap (hari, minggu, bulan, tahun) | every (day, week, month, year) |
| setiap dua minggu sekali | every 2 weeks |
| setiap enam bulan | every 6 months |
| Example: | |
| · Dia hampir tidak pernah ada di kantor. He is hardly ever at the office. | |
| · Mereka selalu datang terlambat. They always come late. | |
| · Kami sekali-sekali pergi bersama. We occasionally go together. | |
| Let’s practice | |
| Complete the sentence by translating the word in the brackets into Indonesian. | |
| 1. Saya (always) tidur jam 09.00 malam. | |
| 2. Kami (normally) berjalan kaki di taman nasional pada hari Minggu. | |
| 3. Mertua saya (sometimes) masak rendang kesukaan kami. | |
| 4. Nenek saya (usually) duduk di sebelah saya. | |
| 5. Teman saya (often) menelepon saya. | |
| 6. Kakeknya (always) bangun pada jam 5 setiap pagi. | |
| 7. Saya dan rekan-rekan kantor saya (rarely) datang terlambat ke kantor. | |
| 8. Mereka (seldom) pulang ke Amerika. | |
| 9. Adiknya (never) bangun kesiangan. | |
| 10. Pesawat Garuda Indonesia (literally: once ever) terbang ke New York dulu. | |
| 11. Kami (hardly ever) makan makanan Indonesia. | |
| 12. (Generally) orang Indonesia makan nasi (everyday). | |
| 13. Kami (rarely) pergi ke dokter di luar negeri. | |
| 14. Keluarga kami (always) makan nasi. | |
| 15. Pelajar-pelajar berbicara bahasa Indonesia (repeatedly). | |
| 16. Polisi (normally) naik mobil polisi. | |
| 17. Orang tua kami (often) menengok anak-anaknya di akhir minggu. | |
| 18. Siapa yang (frequently) berbelanja di Macy’s? | |
| 19. (Every year) saya pergi ke Virginia untuk menengok sahabat saya. | |
| 20. Duta Besar As untuk Indonesia (pernah) belajar bahasa Indonesia. | |
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About the Author: asimonoff
I’m an Indonesian language instructor, instructional material developer, reading test developer, and interpreter. I have been teaching Indonesian to adult students for 15 years, and have been teaching students from many backgrounds, such as private, military and diplomatic service employees. I’m Indonesian, but am living in the US now; my exposure to different cultures in my home country and in the US has enriched my knowledge in teaching Indonesian as a second language. I approach the teaching of the Indonesian language by developing students’ critical cultural awareness and competence. This method of teaching has been proven to be a key to the success of my students. Students become conscious of the essential role culture plays in the language.