Russian Cases: «Родительный падеж» [Genitive] part II Posted by josefina on Apr 16, 2009 in language
We’ve had some trouble showing pictures here for the past month or so, so if you can’t see the picture here I’ve uploaded it to my own personal blog too. This picture is an old favorite of mine, taken on a beach in Siberia back in 2005: «Пьянство у воды – причина беды» [Drunkenness by the water – a reason for sorrow]. I know you noticed the preposition «у» in this sentence, that’s always followed by genitive – our subject for today!
Добрый день, дамы и господа! [Good day, ladies and gentlemen!] Today it is high time for part II out of the three posts I’ve decided to dedicate to «родительный падеж русского языка» [the genitive case of Russian language] – this part is about the different prepositions that are always followed by this case. The Russian word for preposition is «предлог», but you all already know that, right? Since there are quite a lot of prepositions to go through today, I think we should just jump right in and cut this introduction to a minimum.
«у» – 1. by; at; near, 2. at the home of, 3. indicating possession, 4. from:
«Сегодня мы будем обедать у Ивановых» – [Today we’re going to have lunch at the home of the Ivanov family].
«У моего дома есть большой двор» – [Near my house there is a big yard].
«до» – 1. to; up to, 2. as far as, 3. before; until, 4. to the point of:
«Почему он всегда работает до изнеможения?» – [Why does he always work to the point of exhaustion?]
«Мне не до этого» – [I’m not in the mood for that; or I’m not of a mind for that].
«из» – 1. from, 2. out of, 3. made of; consisting of; of (paired with a noun that demands the preposition «в» when indicating location):
«Я знаю, что он дружит со мной только из жалости» – [I know that he’s only friends with me out of pity].
«Они приехали из Минска» – [They arrived from Minsk]. (Compare with: «Они были в Минске» – [They were in Minsk].)
«с» – 1. from, 2. off, 3. down from; up from, 4. since (paired with a noun that demands the preposition «на» when indicating location):
«Мы приходим домой с работы поздно» – [We come home from work late]. (Compare with «на работе» – [at work].)
«С вашего позволения скажу ему, что всё в порядке» – [With your permission I’ll tell him that everything is in order (is okay)].
«от» – 1. from, 2. indicating cause, 3. to; belonging to:
«Где у тебя ключ от комнаты?» – [Where do you have the key to the room?]
«Это письмо от мамы?» – [Is this the letter (a letter) from mom?]
«Надо купить что–нибудь от кашля» – [It is necessary to buy something for the cough].
«для» – 1. for, 2. to (in certain combinations):
«Мне кажется, что она хорошо выглядеть для своего возраста» – [It seems to me that she looks good for her age].
«Я согласен с тобой, что он опасен для общества» – [I agree with you that he is dangerous to society].
«около» – 1. near; close to, 2. about; approximately:
«Ходить вокруг да около» – [to beat around the bush].
«после» – 1. after, 2. since; (adverb: afterward):
«Может быть, после завтрака погуляем?» – [Maybe we’ll go for a walk after breakfast?]
«Мы было не узнали её после её возвращения» – [We almost didn’t recognize her after her return (since her return)].
«вокруг» – 1. around, 2. (fig.) over; (adverb: around; about):
«Так хорошо сидеть вокруг костра после длительного дня в подходе» – [It is so nice to sit around the fire after a long day of hiking].
«кроме» – 1. except (for), 2. but; besides, 3. in addition to:
«Ему всё нравится в России, кроме общественных туалетов» – [He likes everything in Russia except for the public restrooms].
«среди» – in the middle of; among:
«Ты уверена, что Павел был среди них?» – [Are you sure that Pavel was among them?]
«возле» – 1. by; near, 2. beside; alongside; next to:
«Сядь возле меня!» – [Sit next to me!]
«вблизи» – 1. near; nearby; close by, 2. up close:
«Посёлок находится вблизи кирпичного завода» – [The village (community; settlement) is located nearby the brick factory].
«ниже» – below; beneath:
«Она ниже меня ростом» – [She’s shorter than me].
«вместо» – instead of; in place of:
«Почему ты не сходишь в магазин за пивом вместо меня?» – [Why don’t you go to the store and get beer instead of me?]
«вдоль» – along:
«Мы исследовали эту проблему вдоль и поперёк» – [We studied this problem backwards and forwards (far and wide; thouroughly; inside out)].
«прежде» – before; ahead of:
«Прежде всего, узнай, а попусту не болтай!» – [First of all find out, don’t talk for nothing (to no purpose)].
«внутри» – inside; within:
«Внутри коробочки не оказалось шоколада. Странно!» – [Inside the (small) box there was no chocolathe. Strange!]
«вследствие» – as a result of; on account of; owing to:
«Нам пришлось переехать вследствие пожара» – [We had to move as a result of the fire].
«относительно» – regarding; concerning:
«А вам относительно чего необходимо написать ему заявление?» – [And regarding what do you have to write him an statement?]
«напротив» – 1. opposite, 2. facing:
«Кладбище находится напротив церкви» – [The graveyard is located opposite the church].
«впереди» – in front of; ahead of:
«И всё же, впереди его было столько горя!» – [And still ahead of him was such much sorrow!]
«вне» – 1. outside; out of, 2. in:
«Пенсионеры и инвалиды обслуживаются вне очереди» – [Pensioners and invalids get service out of turn].
«Он прекрасный мужчина, это вне всякого сомнения» – [He is a wonderful man, that’s beyond any doubt].
«из–за» – 1. from behind; from, 2. because of; on account of; over:
«Я же говорила – из–за тебя я вечно опаздываю на работу!» – [I’ve already told you – because of you I’m eternally late for work!
«Мы не должны спорить из-за денег» – [We shouldn’t argue over money].
«из–под» – 1. from under, 2. from somewhere (near a city):
«Вот тогда–то ситуация вышла из–под контроля!» – [And it was then the situation got out of control!]
«В середины ужина он вылез из–под стола, и как все удивились!» – [In the middle of the dinner he crawled out from under the table, and everyone was so suprised!]
«ради» – for; for the sake of:
«Сделай это ради меня» – [Do this for me].
I know, I know – a lot of grammar today too! But I hope these my couple of humble example sentences were helpful for those of you still trying to figure out which prepositions to combine with what case when speaking Russian. Of course, to learn these prepositions one must do more than just read a sentence with it, one must read a lot more sentences (of different kinds, since many of the prepositions above have more than just one meaning) and try to speak with them. Don’t be afraid of making mistakes! I make mistakes all the time. That’s the only way you’ll ever learn a language – from your own mistakes.
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