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Ten Most Common Russian Abbreviations Posted by on Apr 30, 2014 in History, language, Russian life

 

Abbreviations are common in any language. Only a few short years ago instant messaging introduced a ton of new abbreviations that a lot of us are still trying to learn. On the other hand, there are examples that have been around for years. The Russian language is no exception. Any native speaker of Russian knows what ЖКХ, ВУЗ, ФСБ, and НЛО stand for. They are, in fact, frequently used terms. With that in mind, I decided to arm you with explanations for the top 10 Russian abbreviations. Here we go 🙂

СССР or Союз Советских Социалистических Республик (USSR or Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) – most of you already knew this one but it is in fact the most popular Russian abbreviation that is still used in conversations, games and merchandise, so I believe a quick reminder wouldn’t hurt.

НЛО or Неопознаный Летающий Объект (UFO or Unidentified Flying Object, the English version is pretty much dead on)

ЖД (Ж/Д) or Железная Дорога (Railway) – frequently used as an adjective, for example ЖД вокзал (railway station) or ЖД билет (railway ticket)

Вуз or высшее учебное заведение (literally, establishment for higher education, like college or university)

Example: В каком вузе Вы учитесь? (What college/university are you attending?)

ЕГЭ or Единый Государственный Экзамен (Unified State Exam) – the exam is taken by all students pursuing higher education; this form of examination was made mandatory in Russian schools in 2009 and still spurs a lot of controversy. Prior to that, Russian schools did not use standardized testing. Instead, a 1 to 5 grading scale was used, with the examining teacher assigning the grade to each student individually in oral or written examination.

ЧП has two meanings: чрезвычайное происшествие (an accident, an unfortunate occurrence, incident) or частное предприятие (a private enterprise, like an LLC).

Example 1: В семь вечера на станции Иваново произошло чп: в зале ожидания прорвало трубу водоснабжения. (An unfortunate incident happened at seven o’clock this evening at Ivanovo station: a water pipe burst in the waiting room.

Example 2: ЧП «Луч» гордится своей репутацией в сфере обслуживания. ((Private enterprise) “Luch” is proud to have a great reputation in the the service industry.

ЖКХ or жилищно-коммунальное хозяйство ( this one is a doozy to translate; the term basically means housing services and utilities) – this term encompasses an infrastructure of certain branches of Russian economics that provide services such as building maintenance, water supply, electricity supply, and heat supply. People in Russia deal with their local ЖКХ on a fairly regular basis. This is where you call/go if you have issues with water/heat/electricity in your living quarters or building in general.

ЗАГС or (отдел) записи актов гражданского состояния (civil registry, a branch or government responsible for recording civil acts, such as births, marriages, deaths, etc. ) – this is where Russian people apply for a marriage license and get married, marriages in church/chapel are not typical, although they are becoming somewhat trendy.

ФСБ or Федеральная Служба Безопасности (Federal Security Service, former КГБ)

ОМОН or (current meaning) отряд мобильный особого назначения (Special Purpose Mobile Unit) – hopefully, you never get to meet any of these guys 🙂 

Please feel free to add to the list!  TTYL 🙂

 

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About the Author: Jenya

Born in Russia, I spent the first twenty years of my life in Orenburg, Russia and Mogilev, Belarus. For the last eleven years, I've lived in New Hampshire and Michigan, US. While I continue to absorb and adapt to American culture, I am always thrilled to share my Russian heritage with those who find it interesting. Travel, photography and art play a special part in my life. Twitter: @iamnx2u


Comments:

  1. Kristina:

    СМИ: Средство массовой информации. Translated into English as “mass media.” I hear/read this all the time on the radio and in news papers. It took me a while to figure out exactly what it meant!

    • Jenya:

      @Kristina Kristina,
      СМИ is in fact used quite frequently. That is a great example! However, in most cases you would assume the term is in plural, like news: средствА массовой информации 🙂

  2. Moonyeen Albrecht:

    One of my Russian teachers, an American, also had the same mis-informatiuon about what an acronym is. The examples given here are not acronyms. Here is a dictionary definition of an acronym: “A word (such as radar, snafu) formed from the initial letter or letters of each of the successive parts or major parts of a compound term.” i.e. USSR (СССР) is not at acronym. When it is said in English and Russian we say each letter separately. We say: U S S R.
    We don’t say “yooser.” These are abbreviations. They are initial letters, but they are not WORDS that are pronounced as WORDS (like RADAR, SONAR, SNAFU.) So they are not acronyms.

  3. Moonyeen Albrecht:

    One correction to my comment: If Вуз is pronounced “vooz” instead of saying the letters then it IS an acronym.

  4. samonen:

    This probably is a bit controversial. Namely, in the Russian language an abbreviation is often pronounced, understood and written as a word, thanks to the Soviet Union and its usage. For example Чека (=ЧК) is a word formed pronouncing the initials of “чрезвычайная комиссия” as a word, and writing it as it is pronounced, the official name of the organization being Всероссийская чрезвычайная комиссия по борьбе с контрреволюцией и саботажем.

  5. Cathy Kuehnert:

    How about СМИ (Средства массовой информации) ?

  6. Сrаigаlin:

    ВДНХ – Выставка Достижений Народного Хозяйства
    And колхоз. Not an acronym, but very common abbreviation.

  7. Jenya:

    Wow, thank you all for the feedback! I have to admit that Moonyeen is right. Initially, I did write “abbreviations” in the post but after reading some stuff online, which was apparently misleading, I went with “acronyms” instead. Well, I am changing it back to abbreviations, even though some of them are acronyms, but definitely not all of them 😉 Thanks again for reading!

  8. Mark S:

    Not exactly abbreviations of the same type in the post, but:

    и т.д. : и так далее (“and so on”, “etc.”)
    и т.п. : и тому подробнее (“and so on”, “etc.”)
    з.ы.: “PS” (Latin P is З on Russian Keyboard, and S is letter Ы – took a while for me to figure that out)

  9. Helio:

    What about KGB?

  10. samonen:

    МХАТ is often read as a word, there is even an adjective derived from it: мхатовский. (МХАТ = Московский Художественный Академический Театр).

  11. Sarov:

    Maybe you can remember that not all your readers are from USA! As a native British English speaker I have no idea what LLC or doozy mean. Please use International English and not USA specific idioms.
    Spasibo

    • Jenya:

      @Sarov Sarov, thank you for reading. LLC stands for Limited Liability Company and doozy (according to Google) means “something outstanding or unique of its kind.” We have plenty of readers from all over the world which I find pretty awesome 🙂 . Google usually does a pretty good job of explaining slang, colloquialisms or idioms; try that next time 🙂 .

  12. Anna:

    Hi, can you tell me if the abbreviation YVLL means anything in Russian? Thanks!

  13. utku:

    Hello

    I would like to learn ‘жв’ means in Russian.

    Thanks

  14. Sid Trevethan:

    A Russian official history document refers to an organization with the abbreviation AN USSR. What does that stand for?