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La recogida de la aceituna Posted by on Jan 21, 2011 in Spanish Culture

Con el invierno no solo llega el frío, sino la época de recolección de un fruto que nos proporciona nuestro conocido “oro líquido”: la aceituna.  El aceite de oliva ha sido, y sigue siendo, pieza fundamental en la rica dieta mediterránea.

Desde mediados de otoño hasta casi primavera, los campos de olivares se llenan de jornaleros. La recogida de la aceituna es una tarea dura, aunque los avances tecnológicos han contribuido a su mejora.

Tradicionalmente se dejaba el fruto hasta que caía del árbol, y se recogía del suelo de forma manual. Dependiendo del uso que se le dé a la aceituna (para consumo de mesa, para producción de distintas variedades de aceite, etc.), se recogerá más temprana, o se dejará madurar. Para su recolección, existen varios métodos:

TRADICIONALES

-Recogida del suelo: es el método de toda la vida. Se espera hasta la caída del fruto por maduración. Es necesario tener la zona que rodea al árbol limpia de hierba, para un trabajo más fácil, y si la tierra está acondicionada, se pueden usar máquinas para pinchar y así recoger la aceituna, o barrerla más rápido.

-Ordeño: se recogen las aceitunas directamente con las manos, o usando un “peine”. Se utiliza para recoger la aceituna de verdeo, destinada al consumo.

-Vareo: con largas varas se golpea las ramas del olivo hasta que la aceituna cae sobre los “mantones”, lonas extendidas alrededor del árbol. Es un método más rápido pero que puede dañar al árbol, sobre todo a los brotes nuevos.

MECANIZADOS

-Sacudido, vibrado o garrote: consiste en hacer caer los frutos al suelo sacudiendo las ramas. Tradicionalmente, el sacudido era realizado por braceros que subían al árbol, bajo el cual se colocaban mantas. Hoy día se hace de forma mecanizada: un “brazo” mecánico se acopla a las ramas y las hace vibrar, desprendiéndose la aceituna. Este método es eficaz en olivos jóvenes.

-Peine: como el vareo tradicional, pero usando una vara mecánica con dos alas en forma de peine que aletean como mariposas y golpean las aceitunas hasta que caen al suelo.

Como veis, la recogida de aceituna es un productivo “deporte de invierno”, que nos deja como resultado un producto muy sano: el aceite de oliva. Si alguien quiere practicarlo, ¡queda invitado!

The winter season brings not only cold, but also harvest time for a fruit that contains our well known “liquid gold “:  olive oil. Olive oil has been, and is still an essential ingredient in the rich Mediterranean diet.

From the middle of autumn up to almost spring, the olive groves are filled with labourers. The harvest of the olive is a hard task, though some technological developments have contributed to its improvement.

Traditionally, the fruit was left until it fell off the tree, and was picked off the ground by hand. Depending on the use given to the olive (as foodstuff, for the production of different oil varieties, etc), it would be gathered earlier, or left to mature. There are several methods for harvesting:

TRADITIONAL

-Harvesting from the soil: it is the most traditional method. The fruit falls when it ripens. Yo need clear the surroundings of the tree trunk of any grass to facilitate the work and, if the land is conditioned, machines can be used to make punctures and that way gather the olives, or sweep them quickly.

-“Milking”: the olives are gathered directly by hand, or using a tool similar to a “comb”. This is used to pick the olive of verdeo (green olives), destined to consumption.

-Knocking down: the branches are struck with long rods until the olives falls down on the “shawls”, blankets made of canvas and laid under the trees. It is a more rapid method but it can damage the tree, especially the new buds.

MECHANIZED

– Shaking, vibrating or cudgeling: It consists in making the fruit fall to the soil by shaking the branches. Traditionally, the shaking was performed by labourers who climbed up the trees, under which blankets were placed. Today it is done in a mechanized form: a mechanical “arm” is attached to the branches and makes them vibrate, making the olives. This method is effective for young olive trees.

-Combing: similar to the traditional knocking down method, but using a mechanical rod with two wings in the shape of combs that flutter as butterflies and strike the olives until they fall to the soil.

As you can see, the olive harvest is a productive “winter sport “, which provides us with a very healthy product: olive oil. If anyone wants to practise it, you’re most welcome!

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About the Author: Magda

Hi all! I’m Magda, a Spanish native speaker writing the culture posts in the Transparent Language Spanish blog. I have a Bachelor’s in English Philology and a Master’s in Linguistics and Literature from the University of Granada, in Spain. I have also completed a Postgraduate Certificate in Education, and then worked as an English teacher in several schools and academies for several years. Last year was my first at university level. In addition, I work as a private tutor, teaching English and Spanish as a foreign language to students and adults. In my free time, I’m an avid reader and writer, editing and collaborating in several literary blogs. I have published my first poetry book recently. And last but not least, I love photography!


Comments:

  1. Daria:

    Veo que eres una experta en aceitunas. Un amigo mío se ocupa de la recogida. Tengo que pedirle que me lleve algún día al campo.

  2. Magda:

    Algo conozco Daria, sobre todo de los métodos tradicionales. Son los que aun se usan por mi tierra. Ya nos contarás tu experiencia si pruebas.