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La noche de San Juan Posted by on Jun 24, 2010 in Spanish Culture

¿Crees en la magia?

El 21 de junio celebramos en el hemisferio norte el día más largo del año, conocido como solsticio de verano. Esta fecha corresponde al momento en que el sol alcanza el cénit sobre el Trópico de Cáncer, y el eje de la tierra tiene una inclinación de 23,5 grados hacia el sol. Pero esta fecha también ha correspondido desde tiempos inmemoriales a celebraciones en honor al astro rey. Este es un día de homenaje al sol, donde se encienden hogueras por doquier, simbolizando el poder del sol y como ayuda para renovar su energía. Ya que a partir de este momento la luz del sol se iba haciendo cada vez más débil antiguamente se pensaba que no recuperaría su esplendor total. Por esta razón, fogatas y lumbres se encendían en la víspera del verano.

 

Los orígenes de esta celebración son obviamente paganos, aunque posteriormente se intentaron “cristianizar”, y por eso no se celebra el día del solsticio, sino la noche de San Juan, aunque realmente la figura del este santo poco o nada tienen que ver con esta noche mágica. Posibles orígenes paganos son la celebración celta del Beltaine, en honor al dios Belenos. Durante el Beltaine se encendían hogueras, y los druidas purificaban el ganado y pedían por un año fructífero. Otro puede ser la celebración griega en honor a Apolo, fiestas purificadoras celebradas durante el solsticio.

Se dice que en San Juan se abren las puertas a dimensiones mágicas del planeta, se permite conocer tesoros ocultos, ver seres irreales, conocer nuestro futuro, e incluso contactar con demonios: es una noche de brujas perfecta. Por ello los rituales celebrados en esta noche mágica van asociados al fuego, usado para ahuyentar malos espíritus, y al agua: ambos son elementos purificadores que simbolizan el renacimiento, la fecundidad de la tierra, la abundancia para el próximo año.

Aunque todo este simbolismo se va perdiendo con los años, hay ciertos ritos y costumbres que perduran hasta nuestros días:

-Puedes escribir tus deseos más profundos, arrojarlos a la hoguera, y danzar a su alrededor o saltar sobre ella para que se cumplan. Esto es realmente divertido, sobre todo cuando la hoguera se apaga con agua, y los danzantes reciben ese baño purificador.

-Es imprescindible lavarse la cara y el cabello con agua de un manantial para conservar la belleza, recitando un encantamiento.

-Formas de conocer el futuro: la más común es leyendo la yema de un huevo en un vaso de agua, dejado a la intemperie para que la magia surta efecto.

También se pueden quemar los malos deseos en la hoguera, bañarse en el mar de noche, saltando olas para atraer la buena suerte, y haciendo moragas y espetadas de sardinas en la playa. ¿Tienes algún plan mejor para el próximo año en la Noche de San Juan? ¿O te vendrás a disfrutar de la magia?

 

Do you believe in Magic?

June 21st marks the celebration of the longest day of the year on the Northern Hemisphere, also known as the Summer Solstice. This date corresponds with the moment when the sun reaches its zenith over the Tropic of Cancer, and the Earth’s axis is tilted 23.5 degrees towards the sun. This date has also marked celebrations of our star since olden times. Today is a day of homage to the Sun, and bonfires are lit everywhere, as a symbol of its power and as a token gift from us to help renew its energy. Considering that, from this day on, sunlight becomes progressively weaker, our ancestors used to believe that it wouldn’t recover its full strength. For that reason, bonfires were lit on the last day before summer.

The origins of this celebration are obviously pagan, but they were Christianized afterwards; that’s the reason why it is not celebrated on the solstice, but on the night of St. John instead, even though the saint has little or nothing to do with this magical night. Some of the most likely pagan origins is the Celtic festival of Beltaine, honoring the god Belenos (the Bright One). Bonfires were lit during the festival, and druids purified the cattle and asked for a fruitful year. Another one could be the Greek festival of Apollo, a purifying rite celebrated during solstice.

It is a popular belief that, during the eve of St. John, some doors to magical dimensions in our planet are opened, hidden treasures may be revealed, mythical creatures may be seen, the future may be known, and even that demons may be contacted. It’s a perfect night for witches. For that reason, all rites related to that magical night are associated to fire, used to ward off evil spirits, and to water: they are both purifying elements that symbolize rebirth, the Earth’s fertility, and abundance for the following year.

Even though all these symbols get lost as time goes by, there are certain rites and traditions that are still alive today:

-You can write down your innermost wishes, throw the paper into the fire, and dance around it or jump over it to make them come true. This is particularly funny, especially when the fire is put out with water, and the dancers receive a purifying soak.

 

-It is essential to wash your face and hair with water from a natural spring in order to keep your beauty, reciting an enchantment at the same time.

-Find out your future: the most common procedure involves reading an egg’s yolk dropped into a glass of water and left outside overnight in order to let magic work its charm.

You can also burn your bad wishes on the fire, bathe in the sea at night, jumping over waves to attract good fortune, and eating grilled or skewered sardines on the beach. Do you have any better plans for next year on the night of St. John? Or will you come over and enjoy the magic?

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About the Author: Magda

Hi all! I’m Magda, a Spanish native speaker writing the culture posts in the Transparent Language Spanish blog. I have a Bachelor’s in English Philology and a Master’s in Linguistics and Literature from the University of Granada, in Spain. I have also completed a Postgraduate Certificate in Education, and then worked as an English teacher in several schools and academies for several years. Last year was my first at university level. In addition, I work as a private tutor, teaching English and Spanish as a foreign language to students and adults. In my free time, I’m an avid reader and writer, editing and collaborating in several literary blogs. I have published my first poetry book recently. And last but not least, I love photography!


Comments:

  1. Ashley Bromily:

    I’m using your blog in a paper I’m writing and we have to say where our sources come from. would you mind giving me your name? I’m not gonna creep on you or anything, I am just a student

  2. Magda:

    Of course, it sounds great you are using us as a source! The blog is the Spanish Blog by Transparent Spanish as you know, and my name is Magda Robles León.