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Indeclinable Swedish Adjectives Posted by on Oct 6, 2014 in Grammar

We’ve talked about adjectives quite a bit here. How to use them with en words, how to use them with ett words, how to use them with plural words. You can check out some of those posts here:

So, a quick recap of the main rule about declinable adjectives using the word stor (big):

If it is an en word, you don’t change the adjective:
En stor man. A big man. See? No change

If it is an ett word, you add a –t:
Ett stort lejon. A big lion. Stor + t = stort.

If it a plural word, you add an –a.:
Två stora män. Two big men. Plural en word? Stor + a = stora.
Två stora lejon. Two big lions. Plural ett word? Stor + a = stora.

Of course, there are also adjectives that you can’t decline at all. Which means you’re not going to be adding a –t or an –a. But how do you know which adjectives can be declined and which can’t?

It’s actually surprisingly simple. If the adjective ends with an –a, –e, or –s, chances are you’re not going to decline the word. Then there are words like kul or fel that you also don’t decline. (And don’t forget about exceptions to the –a, –e, or –s rule. The word arbetslös (unemployed), for example, is declined. It is declined because even though it ends in –s, there’s an –ö before it.) We’re going to ignore the exceptions for right now to make things just a bit easier.

With our new rules in mind, that adjectives are (generally) not declined if they end in –a, –e, or –s, let’s take a look at some examples. I’ve listed four words for each rule, but there are plenty more to choose from.

-A
Annorlunda (Different)

  • En annorlunda kvinna.
  • Ett annorlunda barn.
  • Två annorlunda bebisar.

Bra (Good)
Udda (Odd)
Äkta (Authentic)

-E:
Leende (Smiling)

  • En leende man.
  • Ett leende barn.
  • Två leende bebisar.

Ordinarie (Regular)
Spännande (Exciting)
Öde (Desert/Desolate)

-S:
Gratis

  • En gratis bok.
  • Ett gratis SMS.
  • Två gratis böcker.

Gammaldags (Old-Fashioned)
Inrikes (Domestic)
Utrikes (Foreign)

Good luck!

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About the Author: Marcus Cederström

Marcus Cederström has been writing for the Transparent Swedish Blog since 2009. He has a Bachelor's Degree in Scandinavian Studies from the University of Oregon, a Master's Degree in Scandinavian Studies from the University of Wisconsin–Madison, and a PhD in Scandinavian Studies and Folklore from the University of Wisconsin–Madison. He has taught Swedish for several years and still spells things wrong. So, if you see something, say something.


Comments:

  1. Kristen Nilsson:

    Tack så mycket!! Haha I am swedish but my grammar is very bad. I appreciate just learning and memorizing the rules…