The word duay3 ด้วย is a multipurpose word that, depending on how it’s used, can have many different meanings in English. It could be translated as ‘by’, ‘together’, ‘with’, ‘out of’, ‘too’, ‘also’, or ‘with’. Sometimes you can tell which to use by identifying the location of surrounding verbs and nouns, but in other cases context matters. See below for examples:

 

Duay3 can mean ‘by’, as in this example:

Make it by hand.

Tum1 duay3 meeuu1

ทำด้วยมือ

 

Duay3 can mean ‘together’, as in these examples:

Together

Duay3 gan1

ด้วยกัน

 

I don’t want to go together.

Pom5 mai3 yaak2 bpai1 duay3 gan1

ผมไม่อยากไปด้วยกัน

 

Do it together.

Tum1 duay3 gan1

ทำด้วยกัน

 

Duay3 can mean ‘with’ or ‘out of’:

Make it out of bamboo

Tum1 duay3 mai4 pai2

ทำด้วยไม้ไผ่

 

Flirt with girls using jokes.

Jeep1 saow5 duay3 muk4 dta2lok2

จีบสาวด้วยมุขตลก

 

Duay3 can mean ‘too’ or ‘also’:

 [I’ll] come, too!

Bpai1 duay3

ไปด้วย!

 

I am also Thai

Pom5 bpen1 kon1 thai1 duay3

ผมเป็นคนไทยด้วย

 

Duay3 can mean ‘with’:

John went out with his friend.

Jawn1 awk2 bpai1 duay3 gap1 pueean3

จอห์นออกไปด้วยกับเพื่อน