In previous the post, I started to explain the case marking system (الإعراب) of the present/imperfect tense. By default, present tense verbs take short /o/ (الضمة), and this case is called (المضارع المرفوع). However, there is another case which is called the subjunctive (المضارع المنصوب); in which verbs take short /a/ (الفتحة), and if the verb ends in one of suffixes (ون، ان، ين), the final (ن) is deleted. Present tense verbs are in this case if they are preceded by the following particles.
أن = ‘to’ in expressions like ‘want to’, ‘like to’, ‘intend to’, etc.
لن= particle used to negate the future tense, and it means “will not”
ل = to / in order to
كي= to / in order to
حتى= to / in order to
أريدُ أن أدرسَ اللغة العربية.
“I want to study Arabic.”
أدرسُ اللغة العربية لأعملَ مترجمة.
“I study Arabic in order to work as a translator.”
أعملُ في المساء حتى أدرسَ في النهار.
“I work in the evening in order to study during day time.”
In the case of (المضارع المنصوب), verbs that do not end in one of the suffixes (ون، ان، ين), take a short / a/ (الفتحة), and in verbs that end the suffixes , the final (ن) has to be deleted, consider the following examples.
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أدرُسَ
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أَنَا
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تدرُسَ
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أَنْتَ
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تدرُسي
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أَنْتِ
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يدرُسَ
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هُوَ
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تدرُسَ
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هِيَ
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تدرُسا
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أَنْتُمَا
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يدرُسا
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هُمَا(m.)
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تدرُسا
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هُمَا(f.)
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ندرُسَ
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نَحْنُ
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تدرُسوا
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أَنْتُمْ
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تدرُسن
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أَنْتُنَّ
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يدرُسوا
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هُمْ
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يدرُسن
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هُنَّ
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هل تحبون أن تسافروا إلى مصر في العام القادم؟
“Would you like to travel to Egypt next year?”
أنتم تعملون في الصيف لتوفروا المال اللازم لدراستكم.
“You work in the summer to save money needed for your study.”
In the following post, I will explain the third case of the imperfect; keep reading!
Comments:
Kais:
Salam Aziza,
Would you be interested in this project, the Arabic grammar of the quran … http://quran.uk.net – I think it would be great to get someone knowledgable such as yourself involved in this.
Salam,
— Kais
Marco Chiorra:
I have no comment to do…..your blog is great !!!
I need your help to translate a word (I think it is a
verb) …… يتوتب
Aziza:
Ahlan Marco,
I do not think that this word is spelled correctly. Can you please check again? I would be happy to help!
Salam,
Aziza
Aziza:
Ahlan Kais,
What a wonderful project you have got! I have visited the website, and I like it so much.
Great work!
Aziza
marcela lopez olmos:
I want to know about subjunctive modo in arabic, all i found is classical arabic which nobody use, i want regular arabic, the way people actually speak, i don want nothing from Coran or stuff like that. I wish somebody teach like that.
Brian Sandle:
Google translate translates “If I were to like cats” to, إذا
كان لي أن أحب القطط and translating back to English the result is, “If I had to like cats.”
Hashimu Ramadhani Killenja:
Maa shaa Allah
Nice work
May Allah reward you abundantly
William Beeman:
Can you explain this phrase to me?
مارأيوك
It seems to mean: “How about . . .” or “What do you think about . . .” but I can’t understand how it is constructed.. It seems to be based on رأي which I learned as “to see.”
Can I ask another one?
لا يزال
is translated: “Still” as in “I still go” but it seems to be the negation of a verb that I can’t identify. Can you provide an explanation?