The National Anthem was established by the Greeks in1865. The Anthem is a poem called Hymn to freedom  (Ύμνος εις την ελευθερία) which has been written from Dionysios Solomos (Διονύσιο Σολωμό) in 1823 and composed by Nιkolaos Mantzaros (Nικόλαο Μάντζαρο) in 1828. It consists of 158 stanzas (verses) and it is the longest Anthem in the world. Because οf its length only the first three and later the first two stanzas officially became the national Anthem of Greece.

Solomos reviews the whole history of the Greek revolution of the Greeks against the Ottoman Empire in 1821. Through the verses of the poem he makes a critic on the negative aspects of the Great power of that time. He also criticizes the dissension of the rebels and describes their pain and their contributions.  He is calling all Greeks to stick together and conciliate in order to gain their freedom (Ελευθεριά), the greatest of all the human values.

The modern Greek flag has a cross at the top left side and 9 stripes in blue (μπλέ, γαλάζιο) and white (άσπρο) colors. These colors are considered to be the colors of Greece. The blue is for the color of the sea and the clear sky. The white is for the color of the foam of the waves. The cross symbolizes the Eastern Orthodox Christianity, and the lines represent the wavy sea that surrounds the Greek coasts. This flag was established also during the Greek revolution in 1821. There are three theories for the stripes of the flag. The most highly believed states that the 9 stripes is for the motto of the revolution : Freedom or death. 5 blue stripes for the number of syllables of the word Freedom and 4 white stripes for the syllables of the word Death (Ελευθερία ή θάνατος). “E-lef-the-ri-a ee Tha-na-tos”. Another theory states that each stripe is one letter from the word Ελευθερία (freedom). The last theory states that the 9 stripes represent the nine Muses, the goddesses of art and civilization.