Simple Verbs Posted by asimonoff on Feb 1, 2017 in Uncategorized
In Indonesian, generally, the meaning of a word has much to do with the affixation applied. By affixation, we mean prefixes such as “ber-” and “me-” that we attach to the root word. It is the system of affixation that runs throughout the language which presents the greatest challenge to the learners. Regarding affixation, Indonesian verbs are divided into several categories.
Independent or simple verbs are base-verbs that can stand on their own without the affixation of “ber-” or “me-”. The second have the prefix “ber-”, the third have the prefix “me-”; the fourth have the “me-…-kan”, etc. Now, we focus only on the independent verb.
There are quite a lot of simple verbs. They can be used in sentences as they are, without any affixation. Almost all of them are intransitive, meaning that they do not take objects and they require prepositions when used in sentences (masuk ke, datang ke, datang dari, pulang ke, duduk di, etc) . When combined with the suffix –i (memasuki, mendatangi, menduduki) however, these prepositions are omitted. Here are some examples:
|
Kata Kerja |
Meaning |
Kata Kerja |
Meaning |
|
bangun |
to get up/wake up |
marah |
to be angry |
|
buka |
to open |
masuk |
to enter |
|
duduk |
to sit |
minum |
to drink |
|
datang, tiba |
to come, to arrive |
naik |
to ride, to go up |
|
ikut |
to join in |
pergi |
to go |
|
kawin |
to marry |
pindah |
to move |
|
keluar |
to go out |
pulang |
to go home |
|
kembali |
to return |
suka |
to like |
|
kenal |
to know, to recognize |
maju |
to advance |
|
lahir |
to be born |
tidur |
to sleep |
|
makan |
to eat |
terbang |
to fly |
GRAMMAR PRACTICE
- Anak-anak …………… (eat) dan………………… (drink) di kafetaria sekolah.
- Mereka………………….. (sit) dengan tenang di kelas.
- Siapa……………………. (come) dari pasar?
- Ibu dan bapak………………………. (go) ke kantor naik mobil.
- Mereka…………………….. (go home) dari kantor jam 5 sore.
- Jam berapa Anda ……………………. (sleep)?
- Pagi ini saya …………….. (wake up) jam 6 pagi.
- Kapal laut……………………… (arrive) di pelabuhan Baltimore.
- Pesawat terbang itu………………………… (fly) dari bandara BWI.
- Irna…………………….. (leave) ke kampus.
- Dia……………………. (return) ke kampus setelah makan siang.
- Mereka akan……………………. (move) ke Indonesia tahun depan.
- Anak-anak pelajar …………………… (enter) ke dalam kelas.
- Amir………………………… (take) bis di terminal bis.
- Anak kecil itu tidak mau………………….. (sit) di kursi itu.
- Bis turis ………….. (arrive) di Washington DC.
- Kami suka…………… (eat) nasi goreng Indonesia.
- Pada musim panas, anak-anak kecil ………….. (sleep) jam 8 atau 9 malam.
- Saya suka ……… (ride) pesawat terbang dan ……………….. (sit) di belakang kokpit.
- Anak-anak kami …………. (join in) ke pulau Bali.
ANSWER KEY
| 1. Makan, minum | 11. kembali |
| 2. duduk | 12. pindah |
| 3. datang | 13. masuk |
| 4. pergi | 14. naik |
| 5. pulang | 15. duduk |
| 6. tidur | 16. datang |
| 7. bangun | 17. makan |
| 8. tiba | 18. tidur |
| 9. terbang | 19. naik, duduk |
| 10. berangkat | 20. ikut |
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About the Author: asimonoff
I’m an Indonesian language instructor, instructional material developer, reading test developer, and interpreter. I have been teaching Indonesian to adult students for 15 years, and have been teaching students from many backgrounds, such as private, military and diplomatic service employees. I’m Indonesian, but am living in the US now; my exposure to different cultures in my home country and in the US has enriched my knowledge in teaching Indonesian as a second language. I approach the teaching of the Indonesian language by developing students’ critical cultural awareness and competence. This method of teaching has been proven to be a key to the success of my students. Students become conscious of the essential role culture plays in the language.