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Contractions Posted by on Feb 19, 2016 in Grammar, Learning, Vocabulary

Olá a todos! Como foi a semana de vocês? (Hello, you guys! How was your week?)

Today’s grammar point is about contractions. Contractions are combinations between two words that have been shortened (by omitting letters and sounds) to result in a single word. While some languages, like Spanish, use fewer contractions, they are very present in our language, so it is important to go over them.
In Portuguese, contractions are usually formed by altering a preposition, pronoun or article.

Take a look at this list of contractions, followed by some examples:

Preposition de (of, from) + Definite article (the)
de + o = do
de + a = da
de + os = dos
de + as = das

  • Apesar do calor, a viagem foi boa (In spite of the heat, the trip was good)
  • Você está encarregado das despesas este mês (You are in charge of the expenses this month)

Preposition em (in, on, at) + Definite article (the)
em + o = no
em + a = na
em + os = nos
em + as = nas

  • As crianças estão na escola (The children are at school)
  • Eu não acredito nos políticos desse país (I don’t believe in the politicians in this country)

Preposition por (by, through, for) + Definite article (the)
por + a = pela
por + o = pelo
por + os = pelos
por + as = pelas

  • Eu passei pela mesma situação que você (I’ve been through the same situation as you)
  • Sempre ando pelas mesmas ruas para ir ao trabalho (I always walk through the same streets to get to work)

Preposition em (in, on, at) + Personal pronouns (him, her, them)
em + ele = nele
em + ela = nela
em + eles = neles
em + elas = nelas

  • Não sei o que a Letícia viu nele (I don’t know what Letícia saw in him)
  • Eu não acredito nela (I don’t believe in her)

Preposition de (of, from) + Personal pronouns 
de + ele = dele
de + ela = dela
de + eles = deles
de + elas = delas

  • A casa deles é maior que a nossa (Their house is bigger than ours)
  • Tenho vergonha de me aproximar dela (I’m too shy to get close to her)

Preposition de (of, from) + Demonstrative pronouns (this, that, these, those)
de + este = deste
de + esta = desta
de + estes = destes
de + estas = destas
de + isto = disto
de + esse = desse
de + essa = dessa
de + esses = desses
de + essas = dessas
de + isso = disso
de + aquele = daquele
de + aquela = daquela
de + aqueles = daqueles
de + aquelas = daquelas
de + aquilo = daquilo

  • Não gostei desse álbum, o primeiro era melhor (I don’t like this album, the first one was better)
  • Não vamos falar mais disso, já chega (Let’s not talk about this anymore, that’s enough)
  • Você viu a roupa daquelas pessoas? (Did you see those people’s outfits?)
  • Desta vez, as coisas serão diferentes (This time, things will be different)
  • Minha chefe não precisava ter gritado comigo daquele jeito (My boss didn’t have to yell at me like that)
  • Os frutos daquela árvore são muito saborosos (The fruits of that tree are very tasty)

Preposition em (in, on, at) + Demonstrative pronouns (this, that, these, those)

em + este = neste
em + esta = nesta
em + estes = nestes
em + estas = nestas
em + isto = nisto
em + esse = nesse
em + essa = nessa
em + esses = nesses
em + essas = nessas
em + isso = nisso
em + aquele = naquele
em + aquela = naquela
em + aqueles = naqueles
em + aquelas = naquelas
em + aquilo = naquilo

  • Eu moro naquele prédio na esquina (I live in that building in the corner)
  • Sempre comemos neste restaurante porque é mais barato (We always eat in this restaurant because it is cheaper)
  • Nesta praça, aconteceram várias manifestações (In this square, many demonstrations took place)

-note that, whereas contractions are optional in English (such as are + not = aren’t, she + is = she’s, you + are = you’re) all of the contractions above are required and must not be written or spoken separately.

O que acharam dessa lição? Tenham um bom fim de semana! (What did you think of this lesson? Have a nice weekend!)

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Comments:

  1. Joe wants to learn Portuguese:

    Obrigado for all the lessons you post on here. We all truly appreciate it!

  2. Andrew Seidenfeld:

    I wish I could believe:

    “whereas contractions are optional in English (such as are + not = aren’t, she + is = she’s, you + are = you’re) all of the contractions above are required and must not be written or spoken separately”

    because that would make life easy and simple. There are exceptions. I don’t know if it’s regional, or if native speakers simply don’t follow the rules, but consider these examples, found on the internet, which I don’t really understand:

    “Apesar de isso ter ocorrido, as vendas do produto não diminuíram.” = “Although this has occurred, the product sales have not diminished.”

    I need a better explanation, in English, why the following two sentences are correct:
    “Apesar da crise, crescemos nos últimos anos.”
    “Apesar de a crise existir, crescemos nos últimos anos.”
    (meaning “Despite the crisis, we have grown in recent years.”)

    I think it’s probably good enough, for me, to say, “Contractions in Portuguese are USUALLY mandatory and are ALMOST NEVER optional.” But, as we say in English, “Never say ‘never.'” I’m sure there are exceptions other than when “isso” is the subject (whatever *that* means).