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La voz, y el instrumento: Carlos Gardel y el bandoneón. (El tango argentino II) Posted by on Aug 18, 2011 in Spanish Culture, Videos

“Mi país es el tango y su capital las calles de Corrientes.”

Puede parecer que me olvidé de dos elementos fundamentales al hablar del tango, pero no es así: el bandoneón, y Carlos Gardel.

El bandoneón es un instrumento de viento similar a la concertina o el acordeón, que obtuvo su nombre del músico y comerciante alemán Heinrich Band. Cuando nació el tango, se tocaba por pequeños grupos de gente con violines, flautas y guitarras. Si no tenían guitarra, el sonido usado era el que se producía usando un peine y un papel de fumar (¿alguna vez lo escuchasteis?).  El bandoneón fue introducido en Argentina por inmigrantes europeos a finales del siglo XIX, convirtiéndose en el sustituto de la flauta, y el instrumento ligado a este baile.

El tango es famoso no solo por su música, sino también por sus letras. Y si pensamos en cantantes, la figura más prominente es la de Carlos Gardel. Apodado “el Zorzal criollo”, este cantante francés de nacimiento comenzó su carrera formando parte del un dueto con José Razzano, y cantando canciones folklóricas en bares y fiestas.

Jamás cantado antes de Gardel, el tango no tenía letra. Él decidió poner letra a música ya existente, y creó el tango como canción: su éxito de 1917 “Mi noche triste” vendió más de 10.000 copias. Su carisma y su particular voz fueron elementos clave en su éxito internacional como cantante y actor, desde Madrid a París, hasta Nueva Cork. De la mano de Gardel, el tango dejó de ser un baile de la clase baja para ser un éxito en los clubes de la alta sociedad.

Por desgracia, perdió su vida en un accidente de avión en 1935, dejándonos canciones tan inmortales como “Caminito”, “El día que me quieras”, “Silencio”, y unas quinientas más. Su leyenda es tan grande en Argentina que uno de sus devotos fans pone cada día su música, y coloca un cigarrillo encendido en la mano de la estatua que guarda su tumba.

Volver

Yo adivino el parpadeo
de las luces que a lo lejos,
van marcando mi retorno…
Son las mismas que alumbraron,
con sus pálidos reflejos,
hondas horas de dolor.
Y aunque no quise el regreso,
siempre se vuelve al primer amor.
La quieta calle donde el eco dijo:
Tuya es su vida, tuyo es su querer,
bajo el burlón mirar de las estrellas
que con indiferencia hoy me ven volver…

Volver,
con la frente marchita,
las nieves del tiempo
platearon mi sien…
Sentir… que es un soplo la vida,
que veinte anos no es nada,
que febril la mirada
errante en la sombras
te busca y te nombra.
Vivir,
con el alma aferrada
a un dulce recuerdo,
que lloro otra vez…

Tengo miedo del encuentro
con el pasado que vuelve
a enfrentarse con mi vida…
Tengo miedo de las noches
que, pobladas de recuerdos,
encadenan mi sonar…
Pero el viajero que huye
tarde o temprano detiene su andar…
Y aunque el olvido, que todo destruye,
haya matado mi vieja ilusion,
guardo escondida una esperanza humilde
que es toda la fortuna de mi corazon.

Vivir… con el alma aferrada
a un dulce recuerdo
que lloro otra vez…

 

“My country is the tango and its capital is the Corrientes street”.

It may seem that I have forgotten two main elements when talking about tango, but I have not: the bandoneon, and Carlos Gardel.

The bandoneon is a wind instrument similar to the concertina or the accordion, named after the German musician and merchant Heinrich Band. When the tango was born, it was played by small groups of people with violins, flutes and guitars. If there was no guitar, the accompanying sound was the one produced using a comb and a cigarette paper (have you ever heard of that?).  The bandoneon was brought to Argentina by European immigrants at the end of the 19th century, becoming the substitute of the flute, and the instrument associated to this dance.

Tango is not only famous for its music, but also its lyrics. And if we think about singers, the most prominent figure is that of Carlos Gardel. Nicknamed “the Criolle Thrush”, this French-born singer started his career being part of a duet with José Razzano, and singing folk songs in bars and parties.

Never sung before Gardel, the tango had no lyrics. He decided to write lyrics to existing music, and he created the tango-song: his 1917 hit “Mi noche triste” (My sad night) sold more than 10,000 copies. His charisma and his particular voice were main elements for his international success as both singer and actor, from Madrid to Paris, and New York. By the hand of Gardel, tango was no more a working class dance, but a hit in high society nightclubs.

Unfortunately, he lost his life in a plane crash in 1935, leaving us such immortal songs as “Little path”, “The day you love me”, “Silence”, and about five hundred more. His legend is so big in Argentina that one of his devoted fans, plays his music every day, and puts a lit cigarette in the hand of his statue guarding his tomb.

To return

I imagine the flickering
of the lights that in the distance
will be marking my return.
They’re the same that lit,
with their pale reflections,
deep hours of pain
And even though I didn’t want to come back,
you always return to your first love
The tranquil street where the echo said
yours is her life, yours is her love,
under the mocking gaze of the stars
that, with indifference, today see me return.

To return
with withered face,
the snows of time
have whitened my temples.
To feel… that life is a puff of wind,
that twenty years is nothing,
that the feverish look,
wandering in the shadow,
looks for you and names you.
To live…
with the soul clutched
to a sweet memory
that I cry once again

I am afraid of the encounter
with the past that returns
to confront my life
I am afraid of the nights
that, filled with memories,
shackle my dreams.
But the traveler that flees
sooner or later stops his walking
And although forgetfulness, which destroys all,
has killed my old dream,
I keep concealed a humble hope
that is my heart’s whole fortune.

To live… with the soul clutched
to a sweet memory
that I cry once again

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About the Author: Magda

Hi all! I’m Magda, a Spanish native speaker writing the culture posts in the Transparent Language Spanish blog. I have a Bachelor’s in English Philology and a Master’s in Linguistics and Literature from the University of Granada, in Spain. I have also completed a Postgraduate Certificate in Education, and then worked as an English teacher in several schools and academies for several years. Last year was my first at university level. In addition, I work as a private tutor, teaching English and Spanish as a foreign language to students and adults. In my free time, I’m an avid reader and writer, editing and collaborating in several literary blogs. I have published my first poetry book recently. And last but not least, I love photography!