¡Hola a todos!

Hoy vamos a practicar un subjuntivo nuevo: El Pretérito Perfecto de Subjuntivo. First we will see how to construct this grammar tense and later how to use it.

This tense has two parts: Presente de subjuntivo de “haber” + Participio pasado

Let´s see first the Presente de subjuntivo of the verb “Haber”:

• (yo) Haya: I have
• (tú) Hayas: You have (friendly)
• (usted/él/ella) Haya: You have (formal) / He/She has
• (nosotros/as) Hayamos: We have
• (vosotros/as) Hayáis: You have (group/friendly))
• (ustedes/ellos/ellas) Hayan: You have (group/formal) / They have

The Participio pasado is the same as in the ordinary Pretérito Perfecto that you already know:

• Verb-AR: -ADO
• Verb-ER: -IDO
• Verb-IR: -IDO

The irregular verbs are also the same: hacer: hecho, ver: visto, escribir: escrito, etc…

We use this tense in the same type of sentences as the Presente de Subjuntivo (to express wishes, probability, opinion,..). The difference is that you use the Pretérito Perfecto de Subjuntivo when the action in Subjuntive occurred before the time when the person is expressing that wish, probability, opinion, etc.
Let´s see some examples to illustrate this:

Wishes:

Ojalá apruebes el examen: I hope you pass the exam
Ojalá hayas aprobado el examen: I hope you have passed the exam

Espero que llegue pronto: I hope he arrives soon
Espero que haya llegado ya: I hope he has already arrived

Probability:

Quizás estudie mucho antes del examen: Maybe he will study a lot before the exam
Quizás haya estudiado mucho antes del examen: Maybe he has studied a lot before the exam

Posiblemente viva muchos años en España: Possibly he will live many years in Spain
Posiblemente haya vivido muchos años en España: Possibly he has lived many years in Spain

Opinion:

No creo que vayan a la playa: I don´t think they will go to the beach
No creo que hayan ido a la playa: I don´t think they have gone to the beach

No me parece que trabajen mucho: I don´t think they work a lot
No me parece que hayan trabajado mucho: I don´t think they have worked a lot

Relative clauses:

Buscamos futures ingenieros que estudien en Oxford: We are looking for future engineers who study in Oxford
Buscamos un ingeniero que haya estudiado en Oxford: We are looking for an engineer who has studied in Oxford

Buscan profesores de español que vivan en Madrid: They are looking for Spanish teachers who live in Madrid
Buscan profesores de español que hayan vivido en Madrid: They are looking for Spanish teachers who have lived in Madrid

Temporary sentences:

Cuando estudiemos necesitaremos silencio: When we study, we will need silence
Cuando hayamos estudiado, estaremos tranquilos: When we have studied, we will be relaxed

Cuando friegues los platos, ponte guantes: When you wash the dishes put some gloves on
Cuando hayas fregado los platos, limpia la cocina: When you have washed the dishes, clean the kitchen

Esto es todo sobre el Pretérito Perfecto de Subjuntivo. As you see, it is not particularly difficult. Sometimes things sound more complicated in theory, but I think when you see the comparison example sentences I have given you can see quite clearly how it works. The best way to remember it is to practice it by imagining situations when you would use it. Try to make up a few examples of wishes, probability¡ty, opinion, etc… with Presente sentences and Pretérito Perfecto de Subjuntivo sentences as we have just seen.
Que tengáis una fantástica semana y nos vemos pronto.

¡Hasta luego!