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Het Schrikkeljaar – 3 Questions Answered About The Dutch Leap Year Posted by on Feb 29, 2016 in Culture, Dutch Language

Every four years – except century years, unless they are divisible by 400 – we have a schrikkeljaar (leap year). 2016 is one! Today, it is one of the rare schrikkeldagen (leap days), and this has implications of course! Also in the Netherlands…

1. Waarom houden we schrikkeljaren? (Why do we have leap years?)

I think this video explains perfectly why we have schrikkeljaren! And of course, in Dutch. See below the transcript of the video and a translation. If he talks too fast for you to understand, you can try to click on the gear in the video, go to speed, and set it to 0.5. It might also be too slow then. Or you can watch it multiple times, of course!

TRANSCRIPT OF THE VIDEO

Moeder Aarde heeft een belangrijke baan: een baan om de zon. Zo’n rondje zon duurt driehonderdvijfenzestig (365) dagen, vijf (5) uren, achtenveertig (48) minuten en vijfenveertig komma één acht één vier (45,1814) seconden. Dat betekent dat als wij op eenendertig (31) december om middernacht het nieuwe jaar vieren, de Aarde nog niet helemaal rond is. Die moet nog bijna zes (6) uur. En dat kunnen wij niet hebben, want dan kan de champagne pas ploppen om elf (11) voor zes (6). Tegen die tijd ligt iedereen al te slapen. We laten die uurtjes lekker zitten, maar hierdoor loopt na vier (4) jaar onze tijd al bijna een dag voor op de zon. En wat doen we dan? We voegen een extra dag in, zodat de zon tijd heeft om ons een beetje in te halen. Deze schrikkeldag werd in vijfenveertig (45) voor Christus (v. Chr.) ingevoerd door Julius Caesar. Die plakte hem vast aan de laatste en kortste maand van het Romeinse jaar: Februari. Een eind aan het geharrewar? Wel Caesar, maar! Maar met elke vier (4) jaar een schrikkeldag, lopen we nog niet helemaal op schema. Daarom zijn eeuwjaren geen schrikkeljaren. Tenzij ze deelbaar zijn door vierhonderd (400), natuurlijk. En dan nog is ons jaar gemiddeld iets te lang. Dus als je met oud en nieuw de kurken precies zevenentwintig (27) seconden voor middernacht laat knallen, dan ben je eigenlijk heel astronomisch bezig.

TRANSLATION

Mother Earth has an important orbit: the orbit around the son. Such a little lap takes 365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes and 45.1814 seconds. That means that when we celebrate New Year’s Eve on the 31st of December at midnight, the Earth is not completely done yet. She still has almost 6 hours to go. And we cannot have that, because then the champagne can only pop at 11 to 6 (5:49 a.m.). By that time everybody is already sleeping. We just let those hours be, but because of this, our time is already almost one day ahead of the sun after four years. And what do we do then? We add in an extra day, so the sun has time to catch up with us a bit. This leap day was introduced in 45 Before Christ (BC) by Julius Caesar. He pasted a day to the last and shortest month of the Roman year: February. An end to the squabbling? Well, for sure! (Wel Caesar, maar! is a pun for Wel zeker, maar!, which is how I translated it). But with one leap day every four years, we are still not entirely on schedule. That’s why century years are no leap years. Unless they are divisible by 400, of course. And even then, our year is on average a bit too long. So if you let the corks pop exactly 27 seconds before midnight on New Year’s Eve, you are actually quite the astronomer. (literally: astronomisch bezig zijn – to be engaged in astronomy).

2. Waar komt de naam “schrikkeljaar” vandaan? (Where does the name “schrikkeljaar” come from?)

Scricken in Amsterdam! (Image by Jerrick Perone at Flickr.com under license CC BY SA 2.0)

Schrikken is not anymore a used Dutch word, but schrikkeljaar remains. The word is Middelnederlands (Middle Dutch), a precursor to the current Dutch language, spoken in the late Middle Ages in the Netherlands. Scricken means to jump or walk with large steps. Like the English translation of schrikkeljaar, leap year, there is a notion of jumping. But jumping what exactly? Well, the purpose of the leap day is to leap back a bit, as the video above explains, to be in line again with the earth in its orbit around the sun. I think that could make sense.

However, back in the Middle Ages, people were not so much concerned with Earth’s orbit – they didn’t even know about it. Instead, they were concerned with their Christian religion and the Christian holidays. Because of this extra day, many holidays also jumped one day forward! And so this is where the name schrikkeljaar comes from.

3. Is er iets speciaals aan een schrikkeldag? (Is there anything special about a leap day?)

There sure is! First of all, February 29 is International Rare Disease Day.

Second of all, and more locally, it is said to be the day where girls ask the boys out, and not the other way around. There is even an old rhyme about it:

Heeft februari negenentwintig dagen, dan mogen de meisjes de jongens vragen (Has February twenty-nine days, then the girls may ask the boys).

This has been extended even to marriage proposals! On this day, it is not the man that asks his girlfriend to marry, but the other way around!

 

Is there anything special about leap days in your country? Let me know in the comments!

 

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About the Author: Sten

Hi! I am Sten, both Dutch and German. For many years, I've written for the German and the Dutch blogs with a passion for everything related to language and culture. It's fascinating to reflect on my own culture, and in the process allow our readers to learn more about it! Besides blogging, I am a German-Dutch-English translator, animator and filmmaker.


Comments:

  1. Bill:

    The only thing I remember about Leap Year here in the US is talking about how people born on Leap Day are only 1/4th their age. If I were born on Leap Day Near 1970 (so let’s say 1968) I would only be twelve today (instead of the 45 I am, or 47 I would be if born in 68.)

    Otherwise while a special day, nothing really special.