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Use of the conjunction “and” in Greek- Part 1 Posted by on Apr 9, 2018 in Vocabulary

Γεια σας! First, I would like to thank you for your comments and suggestions on future topics. I really appreciate it. Today, this post is about the use of και and I decided to write about it after I read a comment on our Facebook page. This topic gives learners a hard time and I get tons of questions from my students too. There are a lot of details, so it is cut in two parts. Read the examples below, feel free to leave a comment, if you have questions and stay tuned for the next part!

 

By vuralyavas via Pixabay

 

Και is also written κι, when followed by a word starting by a vowel. The two words are pronounced as one: κι εγώ (kiego), κι ο Πέτρος (kio Petros).

#1. και= and / plus

Ο Γιάννης και η Νίκη είναι εδώ./ Yannis and Niki are here.

Α: Ποιος είναι εδώ; Ο Γιάννης ή η Νίκη; / Who is here? Yannis or Niki?
Β: Και ο Γιάννης και η Νίκη. / Both Yannis and Niki are here.

Η Μαρίζα είναι ευγενική και ήρεμη. / Marisa is pollite and calm.

Φεύγω τώρα. Εσύ, πας στο σούπερ μάρκετ; Πάρε ένα γιαούρτι και μία σοκολάτα. Α, και μην ξεχάσεις να αγοράσεις τα φάρμακα στο γυρισμό. / I’m off now. Are you going to the super market? Take a yogurt and a chocolate. Oh, and don’t forget to buy the medicines on your way back.

Πέντ και πέντε κάνουν δέκα. / 5+5=10

 

#2. και= also, too, as well, both

A: Δεν έχουμε σαπούνι, οδοντόκρεμα και χαρτί υγείας./ There is no soap, toothpaste and toilet paper.
Β: Χρειαζόμαστε και σαμπουάν.Μας λείπει και κάτι ακόμα, αλλά δε θυμάμαι τι./ We also need shampoo. There is something else missing too but I don’t remember what.

Αυτή την εβδομάδα θα δουλέψω και την Κυριακή./ This week I will work on Sunday too.

A: Πεινάω! / I’m hungry!
B: Κι εγώ!  / Me too!  (Note that the use of επίσης would be correct but the dialogue wouldn’t sound natural: πεινάω επίσης)

Α: Πώς έφτιαξες το ψάρι; Το τηγάνισες ή το έψησες; / How did you cook the fish? Did you fry it or bake it?
Β: Και το τηγάνισα και το έψησα. / I did it both ways. (I fried it and I cooked it)

Α: Είναι εντάξει το νούμερο; / Is the size ok?
Β: Ναι. Μου δίνετε και το αριστερό, σας παρακαλώ; / Yes. Can I have the left one too, please?

Το κατάστημά μας δεν έχει ρούχα μόνο από την Ελλάδα αλλά και από άλλες χώρες.
(Literally) Our store doesn’t have clothes only from Greece but from other countries as well.

Α: Σήμερα πρέπει να δω τρεις πελάτες και να πάω στο τελωνείο. /(Literally) Today I have to meet three customers and to go at the Customs Office.
Β: Πρέπει να δούμε και τη δασκάλα της Παυλίνας. Πρέπει να είμαστε στο σχολείο στις 14:00. / We also have to meet Pavlina’s teacher. We have to be at school at 14:00
Α: Ωχ, το είχα ξεχάσει! / Oh! I had forgotten about it!

Sometimes, there is no reason why και is used in a sentence. Imagine the following context: a friend is offering you a cup of coffee and as they hand you the cup, they say “ορίστε και ο καφές” instead of “ορίστε ο καφές”. The meaning is the same but the use of και implies cosiness. These differences are subtle and the only way to understand them is after spending time with native speakers.

 

#3. κι άλλο (και άλλο)= more

Θέλω κι άλλο νερό. Δε μου φτάνει ένα μπουκαλάκι./ I need more water. One small bottle is not enough for me.

Πρέπει να κάνεις κι άλλες ασκήσεις. / You need to do more exercises.

 

#4. όλο και + comparative adjective

Κάθε μέρα φτάνουν όλο και περισσότεροι τουρίστες στο νησί./ Every day more and more tourists arrive at the island.

Κάθε μέρα γίνεσαι όλο και πιο όμοροφς. /(Literally) Every day you become more and more handsome.

Μέρα με τη μέρα, η Στέλλα αδυνάτιζε όλο και περισσότερο, μέχρι που μπήκε στο νοσοκομείο. / Day by day, Stella was losing more and more weight (here: she became more and more thin) until she was hospitalized.

There will be more examples next week. Καλή συνέχεια!

 

 

 

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About the Author: Ourania

Ourania lives in Athens. She holds a degree in French Literature and a Master’s degree in Special Education for Children. Since 2008, she has been teaching Greek to foreigners.


Comments:

  1. Helene:

    Very useful!!!! Σε ευχαριστώ πολύ Ράνια 🙂

    • Ourania:

      @Helene Χαίρομαι που το βρήκες χρήσιμο, Ελέν!

  2. Rosemarie:

    Thank you Ourania, your blog is invaluable. It is great to get all the idiom, which is challenging but very helpful.

    • Ourania:

      @Rosemarie Thank you Rosemarie! (By the way, I like your name 🙂 ) I know this topic is challenging for all learners. Keep up the good work!

  3. Andressa:

    Thank you. I’m from Brazil, and I love Greek language, since I was in Athens… Twice xaxa