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Combining Words, Clauses, and Sentences Posted by on Apr 2, 2010 in Grammar

One of the uses of the particle is to connect two nouns. More specifically, the particle is used to list two items  among other items.

野菜や果物を買いました = I bought vegetables and fruit among other things

(やさい/野菜 = vegetables. = among other things. くだもの/果物 = fruit. = direct object particle. かいました/買いました = bought.)

Therefore the particle implies that along with the fruits and vegetables, other items were bought.

You can use the form to combine two or more verbs :

午前七時に起きて朝御飯を作ります = I will wake up at 7am and make breakfast

(ごぜん/午前 = am. しち/ = 7. / = o’clock. = ni particle. おきて/起きて = wake up)

(あさごはん/朝御飯 = breakfast. = direct object particle. つくります/作ります = make breakfast)

The form can also be used to join sentences :

メイは中国人で先生です = Mei is a Chinese person, and she is a student.

(メイ = Mei. = subject marking particle. ちゅうごくじんで/中国人で = Chinese person. せんせいです/先生です = teacher)

彼女は元気で綺麗です = She is energetic and pretty.

(かのじょ/彼女 = she. = subject marking particle. げんきで/元気で = energetic. きれいです/綺麗です = beautiful)

The form of a adjective (げんき) and a noun + です (ちゅうごくじん) is created by adding to the first adjective or noun.

With adjectives the final will be replaced with くて :

その車は遅くて古いです = That car is slow and old

(その = That. くるま/ = car. = subject marking particle. おそくて/遅くて = slow. ふるいです/古いです = old)

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