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Combining Words, Clauses, and Sentences Posted by on Apr 2, 2010 in Grammar

One of the uses of the や particle is to connect two nouns. More specifically, the や particle is used to list two items  among other items.

野菜や果物を買いました = I bought vegetables and fruit among other things

(やさい/野菜 = vegetables. や = among other things. くだもの/果物 = fruit. を = direct object particle. かいました/買いました = bought.)

Therefore the や particle implies that along with the fruits and vegetables, other items were bought.

You can use the て form to combine two or more verbs :

午前七時に起きて、朝御飯を作ります = I will wake up at 7am and make breakfast

(ごぜん/午前 = am. しち/七 = 7. じ/時 = o’clock. に = ni particle. おきて/起きて = wake up)

(あさごはん/朝御飯 = breakfast. を = direct object particle. つくります/作ります = make breakfast)

The て form can also be used to join sentences :

メイは中国人で、先生です = Mei is a Chinese person, and she is a student.

(メイ = Mei. は = subject marking particle. ちゅうごくじんで/中国人で = Chinese person. せんせいです/先生です = teacher)

彼女は元気で、綺麗です = She is energetic and pretty.

(かのじょ/彼女 = she. は = subject marking particle. げんきで/元気で = energetic. きれいです/綺麗です = beautiful)

The て form of a な adjective (げんき) and a noun + です (ちゅうごくじん) is created by adding で to the first adjective or noun.

With い adjectives the final い will be replaced with くて :

その車は遅くて、古いです = That car is slow and old

(その = That. くるま/車 = car. は = subject marking particle. おそくて/遅くて = slow. ふるいです/古いです = old)

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