Today you will learn how to say “This/이/E, That(1)/그/gu, and That(2)/저/jeo” in Korean. As you can guess these are related to distance from listener and speaker. Simply, this is closest from the speaker, and that(1) is little far from the speaker or close to the listener, and the last that(2) is using as when something is really far from the speaker and the listener. Please see examples below.

This is my bag/이게 내 가방입니다/e gae nae ga bang im ni da.

That is my bag/ 그게 내 가방입니다/gu gae nae ga bang im ni da.

That(over there) is my bag/ 저게 내 가방입니다/ jeo gae nae ga bang im ni da.

As you see the 게/gae; it means thing.

There is another meaning of that(1). Korean use that(1) when listener and speaker know both. For instance, listener and speaker used a computer together yesterday, and then later one of them can say I like that computer/ 나는 그 컴퓨터가 좋았어/na nun gue computer ga jo a sseo/. So, it is not related to distance.