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Latin Adjectives I Posted by on Feb 16, 2012 in Latin Language

1st GROUP

They are declined using the ends of the first and second declensions. Using the second declension for masculine and neuter, and the first for feminine.

 

 

Singular

Plural

Masculine

Feminine

Neuter

Masculine

Feminine

Neuter

Nominative

-us, -er

-a

-um

-i

-ae

-a

Vocative

-e, -er

-a

-um

-i

-ae

-a

Accusative

-um

-am

-um

-os

-as

-a

Genitive

-i

-ae

-i

-orum

-arum

-orum

Dative

-o

-ae

-o

-is

Ablative

-o

-a

-o

-is

 

2nd GROUP

They are declined using the ends of the third declension. Depending on the ending they have  in the nominative singular form, they are grouped into:

  • Adjectives of one ending: just have one form in the nominative singular masculine, feminine and neuter. In this case its statement is the same as for nouns (nominative and genitive), but with the difference that you do not give any kind of gender, as the adjectives lack it.  Ex.: ingens, -NTIS
  • Adjectives of two endings: in the nominative singular form have a termination for masculine and feminine, and another one for the neutral. Ex.: fortis, -E
  • Adjectives of three endings: in the nominative singular form, they have a termination for each gender. Ex.: acer, acris, acre

The distinction between adjectives of one, two or three endings is not very relevant, since, except the nominative singular, the rest of the decline is identical:

One ending

Singular

Plural

Masculine/feminine/neuter

Masculine/feminine

Neuter

Nominative

ingens

ingentes

ingentia

Vocative

ingens

ingentes

ingentia

Accusative

ingentem

ingens

ingentes

ingentia

Genitive

ingentis

ingentium

Dative

ingenti

ingentibus

Ablative

ingenti

ingentibus

 

Two endings

Singular

Plural

Masculine/feminine

Neuter

Masculine/feminine

Neuter

Nominative

fortis

forte

fortes

fortia

Vocative

fortis

forte

fortes

fortia

Accusative

fortem

forte

fortes

fortia

Genitive

fortis

fortium

Dative

forti

fortibus

Ablative

forti

fortibus

 

Three endings

Singular

Plural

Masculine

Feminine

Neuter

Masculine/feminine

Neuter

Nominative

acer

acris

acre

acres

acria

Vocative

acer

acris

acre

acres

acria

Accusative

acrem

acre

acres

acria

Genitive

acris

acrium

Dative

acri

acribus

Ablative

acri

acribus

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Comments:

  1. Colin Gough:

    Thank you for leaving the Vocative in, it seems to be the trend to leave it it of textbooks nowadays.