The cardinal numerals
The cardinal numerals express the number or quantity. Most of the cardinal did not decline, the only ones that were declined are:
| UNO |
|
Masculine
|
Feminine
|
Neuter
|
| Nominative |
unus
|
una
|
unum
|
| Accusative |
unum
|
unam
|
unum
|
| Genitive |
unius
|
| Dative |
uni
|
| Ablative |
uno
|
una
|
uno
|
| DOS |
|
Masculine
|
Feminine
|
Neuter
|
| Nominative |
duo
|
duae
|
duo
|
| Accusative |
duos
|
duas
|
duo
|
| Genitive |
duorum |
duarum |
duorum |
| Dative |
duobus |
duabus |
duobus |
| Ablative |
duobus |
duabus |
duobus |
| TRES |
|
Masculine
|
Feminine
|
Neuter
|
| Nominative |
tres
|
tria
|
| Accusative |
tres
|
tria
|
| Genitive |
trium
|
| Dative |
tribus
|
| Ablative |
tribus
|
The numeral centum (“hundred”) can not be declined, but the other hundreds are declined like the plural of an adjective of the first class.
The numeral mille (‘thousand’)can not be declined, but the other thousands are expressed by the plural milia, milium, which is declined as an neuter of the third declension.
The ordinal numerals
The ordinal numerals add to the idea of number the idea of order. They are declined like adjectives of the first class. It is usually used for years (anno vicesimo tertio), hours (hora nona), the books which are part of a work (liber septimus) in the names of kings (Ptolomaeus tertius) in the fractions (tertia pars), and with the duration accusative (vicesimum annum iam regnat).
- simplex, simplicis: simple.
- duplex, duplicis: double.
- triplex, triplicis: triple.
- quadruplex, quadruplicis: quadruple.
- quintuplex, quintuplicis: quintuple.
- decemplex, decemplicis: tenfold.
- centumplex, centumplicis: hundredfold.
The distributive numerals
Indicate groups of individuals, so singular form does not exist. They are declined like adjectives of the first class. Retains its value distribution to indicate:
- The distribution for person or objects: veteranis quingenos denarios dat (veterans are given five hundred pence each)
- The multiplicand of a multiplication: quater septeni (four times seven)
With no distribution value, replacing a cardinal numeral, the distributive is used:
- With names of objects that are paired: binos scyphos habebam (I had a couple of cups)
-
Accompanying nouns that are used only in plural: bina castra (two camps), ternae litterae (three letters)
