Salvete Omnes,

We have much to cover today! We are going to review the 1^st and 2^nd Conjugations and Declensions along with some sentence work.

 

 VERBS

1^st Conjugation “Amo= I love”

1^st s.= amo  “ I love, I do love, I am loving”

2^nd s.= amas “You love”

3^rd s.= amat “He loves, She love, It loves”

1^st pl.=amamus “We love”

2^nd pl.=amatis “You (plural) love)”

3^rd pl.=amant “ They love”

• One indicator of a 1^st conjugation verb is the before the stem (which is underlined) there is usually an “a” in other forms. However, there is just an “o” ending in the 1^st s. form.

2nd Conjugation “Habeo= I have”

1^st s.= habeo “I have”

2^nd s.= habes “You have”

3^rd s.= habet “He has, She has, It has”

1^st pl.= habemus “We have”

2^nd pl.= habetis “You (plural) have”

3^rd pl. =habent “They have”

• As with the 1^st conjugation and the “a” indicator, the 2^nd conjugation will have an “e” in its 1^st s. form.

Conjugate Exercise:

1. Celo (1^st conjugation)
2. Timeo (2^nd conjugation)
3. Porto(1^st conjugation)
4. Habeo(2^nd conjugation)
5. Sum (Irregular Cojugation)**

**If you have already forgotten how to conjugate sum, take a look at last week’s post!

 

NOUNS

Nouns in Latin, unlike in English, change depending on the role in a sentence. By change, I mean, that the endings on the noun will change to either a nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, ablative (or vocative and locative- which aren’t used as much).

 

1^st Declension is the declension to refer to nouns that “decline” to the following forms; which are usually feminine (99% of the time):

aqua, –ae water f. (feminine)
Singular		Plural
Nominative	aqua	–a	aquae	–ae
Accusative	aquam	–am	aquās	–ās
Genitive	aquae	–ae	aquārum	–ārum
Dative	aquae	–ae	aquīs	–īs
Ablative	aquā	–ā	aquīs	–īs

If you noticed that most of endings have an “a” in them. [Sorta reminds you of the 1^st conjugation verbs with the “a” stem.]

2^nd Declension is the declension to refer to nouns that “decline” to the following forms; which are usually masculine (99% of the time):

dominus, –ī master m. (masculine)
Singular		Plural
Nominative	dominus	–us	dominī	–ī
Accusative	dominum	–um	dominōs	–ōs
Genitive	dominī	–ī	dominōrum	–ōrum
Dative	dominō	–ō	dominīs	–īs
Ablative	dominō	–ō	dominīs	–īs

Notes on Declensions:

If you noticed that the endings do not have a common vowel, but in comparison to the 1^st Declension- it is similar except for the “a” being replaced” with “u” in the singular, “o” in the plural and “ae” [mostly] replaced with “i.”

Please do not be thrown off or worried that the dative and ablative plural in the 1^st and 2^nd declension are the same. It is important simply to familiarize yourself with these forms.

 

Also did you notice that when these nouns were written out; they looked like: “dominus, -i” and “ aqua, -ae?” This is to show the Nominative singular form and then the ending to the Genitive singular form. This will assist in providing which declension a noun is since (“-us & -i” endings are clearly 2^nd declension while “-a & -ae” are clearly 1^st declension).

 

Nominative & Accusative:

The nominative case is used for the subject in a sentence. The accusative is the direct object of the sentence:

I love cats. I= nominative, love= verb, cats= accusative.

Are you following so far? Let’s look at some Latin.

 

Vocabulary:

Filia, -ae =daughter             timeo= I am afraid, I fear             voco= I call

Serua, -ae= slave-woman     et= and                                    aula, -ae=pot

Seruus, -i= slave-man        ego= I                                      thesaurus, -i= treasure

Coquus,-i=cook                 tu= you                                            amo= I love

te= you (accusative)           me=me                                   habeo= I have

Exercise:

1. filiam coqui vocant.
2. The slave-women are afraid.
3. thesauros ego amo.
4. Seruas et Seruos Filae habent.
5. You have a pot.
6. serua timet seruos.
7. The cook loves the female-slave.
8. ego et tu habent aulas.
9. The daughter calls you and me.
10. filia amat seruum, et seruum amat seruam.

 

 

 

Answer:

1. The cooks call the daughter
2. timent seruae
3. I love treasures.
4. The daughter has slave-men and slave-women.
5. habes aulam OR habetis aulam.
6. The slave woman fears the slave-men.
7. coquus seruam amat.
8. You and I have pots.
9. te et me filia vocat.
10. The daughter loves the slave-man, and the slave-man loves the slave-woman.

 

NEXT WEEK:

Does anyone have any request? If not I have a few surprises up my sleeve!