Ahlan Arabic fans! Today, we are going to continue our study of the verbal sentence. What we have learnt earlier about this type of sentence is as follows:
1- The Verbal Sentence
2- The Subject of the Verbal Sentence (Part 1)
3- The Subject of the Verbal Sentence (Part 2)
4- Subject-Verb Agreement in Number within the Verbal Sentence
5- Subject-Verb Agreement in Gender within the Verbal Sentence
6- The Passive Subject of the Verbal Sentence
In the last post of the previous verbal sentence series, we were introduced to the passive subject or what we called the deputy agent. It is that noun that follows any passive verb. Today, we will focus on this passive verb. We will know how to derive passive verbs as all the verbs we talked about before were in the active form.
The form of the verb changes when it is used in the passive voice. The rules are as follow:
A) Past Passive Verbs:
1- If the verb is in the past tense but not starting with an extra-Ta’a, we put a Dhamma on the first letter and a Kasrah under the letter that comes before the last letter.
Ex. Active Verb Passive Verb
– كــَــتــَــبَ (=wrote) كـــُــتــِـــبَ (= was/were written)
– قــَــطــَــعَ (= cut) قــُــطــِـــعَ (= was/were cut)
– صــَــنــَـــعَ (= made) صــُـــنــِـــعَ (= was/were made)
– ســَـــلــَّـــمَ (= handed) ســُـــلـــِّـــمَ (= was/were handed)
– اِبــْــتــَـــكــَـــرَ (= invented) اُبــْــتـــُـــكــِـــرَ (=was/were invented)
– اِســْـــتـــَــعــْــمــَــلَ (=used) اُســْــتــُـــعــْــمــِــلَ (= was/were used)
2- If the verb is in the past tense and starting with an extra-Ta’a, then we put a Dhamma on both the first and second letters and a Kasrah under the letter that comes before the last letter.
Ex. Active Verb Passive Verb
– تــَــســَــلــَّـــمَ (= received) تــُـــســُــلــّـِــمَ (= was/were received)
– تــــَــبــَـــرَّعَ (= donated) تــُــبــُـــرِّعَ (= was/were donated)
3- If the letter that comes before the last letter of the verb is an Alif, then this alif is changed into a Ya’a and a Kasrah is put under the letter that precedes it.
Ex. Active Verb Passive Verb
– صــَــامَ (= fasted) صــِـــيــمَ (= was/were fasted)
– ذَاعَ (= spread) ذِيــعَ (= was/were spread)
– أَقــَــامَ (= set/establish) أُقــِـــيــِــمَ (= was/were set/established)
B) Present Passive Verbs:
1- If the verb is in the present tense, then we put a Dhamma on the first letter and a Fat’ha on the letter that comes before the last letter of the verb.
Active Verb Passive Verb
– تــَــكــْـــتــُــبْ (= writes) تــُــكــْــتــَــبْ (= is/are written)
– تــَــصــْــنــَـــعْ (= makes) تــُــصــْــنــَـــعْ (= is/are made)
– تــُــقــَــدِّمْ (= presents) تــُــقــَــدَّمْ (= is/are presented)
– يــُــرْســِــلْ (= sends) يــُــرْســَـــلْ (= is/are sent)
– يــَــســْــمــَــعْ (= hears) يــُــســْــمــَــعْ (= is/are heard)
– يــَــســْــتــَــعــْــمــِــلْ (=used) يــُــســْــتــَــعــْــمــَــلْ (= is/are used)
2- If this present verb has a Ya’a ( ـيـ) or Waw (و ) as the letter that comes before the last letter, then this Ya’a or Waw is changed into an Alif ( ا)
Active Verb Passive Verb
– يــَــصــُــومْ (= fasts) يــُــصــَــامْ (= is/are fasted)
– يــُــذيــعْ (= announces) يــُــذَاعْ (= is/are announced)
– يــُــقــِــيــمْ (= sets/establishes) يــُــقــَــامْ (= is/are set/established)
To be continued …
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Peace ســـَـــلام /Salam/
