Active voice
Time characteristics of time and mood for active personal forms are:
PRESENT TENSE
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Indicative
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Subjunctive
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Imperative
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Present |
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1st conjugation:
-e-
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2nd, 3rd, 4th
conjugations:
-a-
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Past imperfect |
-ba-
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-re-
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Future |
1st & 2nd conjugations:
-b-
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3rd, 4th conjugations
1st singular person:
-a-
Rest of persons:
-e-
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The imperative has no temporal morphemes, but has special personal endings that make it unique to any other mode:
Present imperative:
- 2nd person singular: it has no morpheme or personal ending, so it is like the present form. I.e. Ama (from the verb amare).
- 2nd person plural: -te personal ending. I.e. Amate.
Future imperative:
- 2nd and 3rd person singular: -to personal ending. I.e. Amato.
- 2nd person plural: -tote personal ending. Amatote.
- 3rd person plural: -nto personal ending. Amanto.
PERFECT TENSE
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Indicativo
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Subjuntivo
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Perfect
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(See personal endings)
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-eri-
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Pluperfect
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-era-
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-isse-
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Future perfect
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-ero
(1st pers. sing.)
-eri-
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Passive voice
The personal forms of the Latin passive voice have two ways of creating them: one for the present system, and one for the perfect.
Present system |
Perfect system |
The formation of tenses is made with the same morphemes as in the active voice, but with passive personal endings.
-r
-ris (-re)
-tur
-mur
-mini
-ntur
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It is formed with the perfect participle of the conjugated verb +SUM in the corresponding present or perfect tense.
(See conjugation below)
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INDICATIVE
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SUBJUNCTIVE
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PERFECT
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amatus,
-a, -um
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sum (fui)
es (fuisti)
est (fuit)
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amatus,
-a, -um
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sim (fuerim)
sis (fueris)
sit (fuerit)
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amati,
-ae, -a
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sumus (fuimus)
estis (fuistis)
sunt
(fuerunt)
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amati,
-ae, -a
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simus (fuerimus)
sitis (fueritis)
sint
(fuerint)
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PLUPERFECT
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amatus,
-a, -um
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eram (fueram)
eras (fueras)
erat (fuerat)
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amatus,
-a, -um
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essem (fuissem)
esses (fuisses)
esset (fuisset)
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amati,
-ae, -a
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eramus (fueramus)
eratis (fueratis)
erant
(fuerant)
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amati,
-ae, -a
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essemus (fuissemus)
essetis (fuissetis)
essent
(fuissent)
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FUTURE PERFECT
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amatus,
-a, -um
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ero (fuero)
eris (fueris)
erit (fuerit)
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amati,
-ae, -a
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erimus (fuerimus)
eritis (fueritis)
erunt
(fuerint)
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