Active voice
Time characteristics of time and mood for active personal forms are:
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PRESENT TENSE
|
|
Indicative
|
Subjunctive
|
Imperative
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| Present |
|
1st conjugation:
-e-
|
2nd, 3rd, 4th
conjugations:
-a-
|
|
| Past imperfect |
-ba-
|
-re-
|
|
| Future |
1st & 2nd conjugations:
-b-
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3rd, 4th conjugations
1st singular person:
-a-
Rest of persons:
-e-
|
|
|
The imperative has no temporal morphemes, but has special personal endings that make it unique to any other mode:
Present imperative:
- 2nd person singular: it has no morpheme or personal ending, so it is like the present form. I.e. Ama (from the verb amare).
- 2nd person plural: -te personal ending. I.e. Amate.
Future imperative:
- 2nd and 3rd person singular: -to personal ending. I.e. Amato.
- 2nd person plural: -tote personal ending. Amatote.
- 3rd person plural: -nto personal ending. Amanto.
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PERFECT TENSE
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|
Indicativo
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Subjuntivo
|
|
Perfect
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(See personal endings)
|
-eri-
|
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Pluperfect
|
-era-
|
-isse-
|
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Future perfect
|
-ero
(1st pers. sing.)
-eri-
|
|
Passive voice
The personal forms of the Latin passive voice have two ways of creating them: one for the present system, and one for the perfect.
| Present system |
Perfect system |
The formation of tenses is made with the same morphemes as in the active voice, but with passive personal endings.
-r
-ris (-re)
-tur
-mur
-mini
-ntur
|
It is formed with the perfect participle of the conjugated verb +SUM in the corresponding present or perfect tense.
(See conjugation below)
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| |
INDICATIVE
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SUBJUNCTIVE
|
|
PERFECT
|
amatus,
-a, -um
|
sum (fui)
es (fuisti)
est (fuit)
|
amatus,
-a, -um
|
sim (fuerim)
sis (fueris)
sit (fuerit)
|
|
amati,
-ae, -a
|
sumus (fuimus)
estis (fuistis)
sunt
(fuerunt)
|
amati,
-ae, -a
|
simus (fuerimus)
sitis (fueritis)
sint
(fuerint)
|
|
PLUPERFECT
|
amatus,
-a, -um
|
eram (fueram)
eras (fueras)
erat (fuerat)
|
amatus,
-a, -um
|
essem (fuissem)
esses (fuisses)
esset (fuisset)
|
|
amati,
-ae, -a
|
eramus (fueramus)
eratis (fueratis)
erant
(fuerant)
|
amati,
-ae, -a
|
essemus (fuissemus)
essetis (fuissetis)
essent
(fuissent)
|
|
FUTURE PERFECT
|
amatus,
-a, -um
|
ero (fuero)
eris (fueris)
erit (fuerit)
|
|
|
amati,
-ae, -a
|
erimus (fuerimus)
eritis (fueritis)
erunt
(fuerint)
|
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