Ahlan أهــْــلاً , Arabic lovers! Today, we are going to continue our Index of Arabic Grammar. We have gone a bit deeper so far. However, it is still a long way! In a previous grammar post, we discussed the Arabic Nouns Case. This post was followed by another on the Arabic Nouns; Nominatives. Today, we will continue with another Noun Case; that is Accusatives or what is called in Arabic as Al-Mansoubat الــمــنــصــُــوبــات. What does the term mean? What are the nouns or word groups that fall into this category?

Definition:

   Accusatives or Al-Mansoubat الــمــنــصــُــوبــات are the nouns that are in the accusative case. They are marked by a Fat’ha فــتــحــة (or an equivalent) on the ending letter(s). In Arabic, the accusative case is called (Nassb) حــالــة الــنــصــب and nouns that are in this case are called (Mansoubat) الأســمــاء الــمــنــصــُــوبة / الــمــنــصــُــوبــات. Adjectives that modify these nouns/words are in the same case and have the same Harakah (Tashkeel).

Arabic Accusative Nouns Map

Accusatives (Al-Mansoubat):

• The Predicate (Al-Khabar خــبــر) of Kana كــانَ and Sisters: We learnt that the incomplete verb Kana كــانَ and its sister verbs can come in the front of the nominal sentence. These special verbs change the nominal predicate to be their own predicate (Predicate خــبــر of Kana and sisters) exactly as they change the nominal noun to be their own. This predicate noun is always in the accusative case. Review Kana and Sisters (1) and The Predicate of Kana and Sisters for examples and more illustrations.
• The Noun (Ism اِســم) of Inna and Sisters: we learnt about Inna and sisters and knew that they also come in front of the nominative sentence but they change the Harakah of the subject to be a Fat’ha and its name changes to be their own noun. That is to say that the Noun/Ism of Inna and sisters is in the accusative case. Revise Inna and Sisters I and Inna and Sisters II.
• The Verbal Sentence Object (Al-Maf’oul الــمــفــعــُــول): We learnt about The Verbal Sentence and knew that it consists of a verb, a subject and if the verb is transitive, it must have an object. The object of the verbal sentence is in the accusative case, so it has a Fat’ha (or an equivalent) on its ending. I will discuss the Object and its types in more detail in further posts.
• The Cognate Accusative (Al-Maf’oul Al-Mut’laq الــمــفــعــُــول الــمــُــطــلــق): The cognate accusative is a verbal noun (noun that is derived from the same root verb in the sentence). It comes in a phrase at the end of the verbal sentence to do a certain job. It always has a Fat’ha (or an equivalent Tanween) and is in the accusative case. We will discuss this noun and its functions later on.
• The Accusative of Purpose (Al-Maf’oul Li-Ajlihi الــمــفــعــُــول لأجــلــِــه): This is a noun that usually follows the object of a verbal sentence to show the purpose of an action. It always has a Fat’ha (or an equivalent Tanween) and is in the accusative case. We will study it in more detail later on.
• The Accusative of Company (Al-Maf’oul Ma’ahu الــمــفــعــُــول مــعــهُ): This is a special noun that follows the particle (wa وَ) = (and) but is in the accusative only if this particle means (with مــعَ) and is called (The Waw of Company واو الــمــعــيــة). This noun is in the accusative case and has a Fat’ha on its ending. It will be clarified more in upcoming posts.
• Adverbs of Time and Place (Dhar’fa Az’zaman Wal-Makan ظــرفــا الــزمــان و الــمــكــان): These are nouns that are mentioned to refer to the Time and Place of the action. Such nouns are in the accusative case and mostly have a Fat’ha (or an equivalent Tanween).
• Adverbs of Manner (Al-Haal الــحــال): This is an indefinite noun that describes how an action is done exactly like in English. It can describe the manner (state or shape) of the subject or the object of the verbal sentence. This Haal construction is in the accusative case and has different types that will be studied in further detail later on.
• The Accusative of Exception (Al-Mus’tath’na الــمــُــســتــثــنــى): This is a noun that follows one of the Exception Particles أدوات الإســتــثــنــاء and with a judgment that is different from what is before the particles. This noun is in the accusative case and has a Fat’ha (or an equivalent Tanween). It will be discussed fully later on.
• The Accusative of Vocation (Al-Mu’na’da الــمــُــنــَــادى): This is a visible noun that follows one of the Particles of Vocation أدوات الــنــداء. There are different roles that apply to this kind of noun but the accusative case is one of them. We will discuss these roles further on.
• The Accusative of Specification (Al-Tamyeez الــتــمــيــيــز): This is a noun that is mentioned after an ambiguous noun to remove and clear that ambiguity. This type on nouns also has different roles and will be studied in more detail later on.

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